
Class F\'^4^___ 



REPORT 



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CilllES i \\\ WiiE! il 



BETWEEN THE 



STATES OF NEW YORK ANDJIiW JERSEY. 



|^e.\^Yoxk l^Tat^j lA r\\V ttV\\\», X^o^Andi-T^ CommiWioti. 



TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE, MARCH 24:, 1884. 



ALBANY: 

WEED, PARSONS & COMPANY, PRINTERS. 
1884. 






"•Of a 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



No. 46. 






IN SENATE, 

March 24, 1884. 



REPORT 



OF THE COMMISSIONERS ON THE BOUNDARY LINE 
BETWEEN THE STATE OF NEW YORK AND THE 
STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 

New Yokk Boundary Commission, ] 

Office of the Commissioners, >■ 

Albany, March 24, 1884. ) 

To the Hon. David B. Hii.l, President of the Senate : 

Sir — On behalf of the Commissioners on the Boundary Lines be- 
tween the State of New York and the States of Peimsjlvania and 
New Jersey, and by tlieir direction, I have the honor herewith to trans- 
mit to the Legislature their final report in relation to the survey and 
settlement of that portion of the boundary between this State and 
the State of New Jersey, extending from the Hudson to the Dela- 
ware river. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

DAVID MURRAY, 
Secretary of the Commissioners. 
[Sen. Doc. No. 40.] 1 



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"^'oio^x 






^^r^f^J> 



CONTENTS, 



PAGE. 

Report of the Commissioners 3 

Proceedings of the Joint Commission 5 

Instructions to the Surveyors 8 

Field operations 10 

Final agreement 11 

Conclusion of Report 15 

Appendix. 

1. Statement of expenditures 17 

2. Preliminary Report of Surveyors 18 

3. Final Report of the Surveyors 25 

4. Field Notes of the Survey in 1774 43 

5. Field Notes of 1882, and description of the Monuments on the New York 

and New Jersey Boundary 52 

6. Special Report on the Terminal Monuments lOO 

7. An act to ratify and confirm the agreement entered into by the Commis- 

sioners 104 

8. Historical Sketch of the Boundary Line between New York and New 

Jersey, by B. Fernow 109 



REPORT. 



To the Legislature of the State of Neio York : 

The Commissioners appointed by the Board of Regents under 
authority of chapter 340 of the Laws of 1880 to ascertain and restore 
the boundary lines between the State of New York and the States 
of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, respectively, submit tlieir report 
in relation to the final establishment and re-markingof the boundary 
line between the States of New York and New Jersey, extending 
from the Hudson river on the east to the Delaware river on the \\est. 

The authority under which the Commissioners have conducted and 
completed the work of restoring the boundary line between this State 
and the State of New Jersey is derived from the provisions of chap- 
ter 340 of the Laws of 1880, which law is as follows : 

An Act to provide for the settlement of the boundary lines between 
the State of New York and the States of Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey respectively. 

Passed May 20, 1880 ; tliree-fifths being present. 

Tlie Peoj)le of the State of Neio Yorh., represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as follows : 

Section 1. Whereas, by an act of the Legislature, passed the 26th 
day of May, 1875, the Regents of the University were autiiorized and 
directed, " in connection with the authorities of Penns^dvania and 
New Jersey, respectively, to replace any monuments which have be- 
come dilapidated or been removed, on the boundary lines of those 
States ; " and, whereas, from the examination made by said Regents 
it has been found that said monuments, as located by the original 
Joint Commissioners, do not conform in all cases to the verbal descrip- 
tions of said lines, and questions have arisen between the Commis- 
sioners of said States as to the proper location of said monuments ; 
therefore, it is hereby declared that the lines originally laid down 
and marked with monuments by the several Joint Commissioners 
duly appointed for that purpose, and which have since been acknowl- 
edged and legally recognized by the several States interested as the 
limits of their territory and jurisdiction, are the boundary lines of 
said States, irrespective of want of conformity to the verbal descrip- 
tions thereof. 

§ 2. Said Regents are hereby authorized and empowered to desig- 
nate and appoint three of their number as Commissioners to meet 



4: [Senate 

such Commissioners as have been or may 1)e a]')])oiiited and vested 
with similar powers, on the part of tlie States of Pennsylvania and 
New Jersey, or either of tliein, and with such last-mentioned Com- 
missioners, as soon as may be, to proceed to ascertain and agree upon 
the location of said lines as originally established and marked with 
monuments ; and in case any monuments are found dilapidated or 
removed from their original location, said Conunissioners are author- 
ized to renew or replace them in a durable manner, in their original 
positions, and to erect such additional monuments at such places on 
said lines as they may deem necessary for the proper designation of 
the boundary lines of said States. The said ilegents shall report 
the action of said Commissioners to the Legislatnni of this State for 
its consideration and ratification. 

§ 3. The sum of three thousand dollars, or so much thereof as 
may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the 
treasury applicable for such purposes, to pay the necessary expenses 
and disbursements of said Commissioners in the performance of the 
duties required by this act, and the Comptroller is authorized to 
draw his warrant upon the Treasurer for moneys hereby appropri- 
ated from time to time as the same may be needed. 

§ 4. This act shall take effect immediately. 

In pursuance of the above law the Regents of the University, on 
the i3th day of July, 1880, adopted the following resolution : 

Whereas, By chapter 340 of the Laws of 1880 the Board of 
Regents are " authorized and empowered to designate and appoint 
three of their number as Commissioners to meet such Commissioners 
as have been or may be appointed and vested with similar powers 
on the part of the States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, or either 
of them, and to proceed to ascertain and agree upon the location of 
said lines as originally established and marked with monuments ; " 
therefore, 

Resolved^ That Yice-Chancellor Pierson and Regents Leaven- 
worth and Depew be appointed Commissioners under the above act, 
with full powers to carry out the provisions thereof. 

The Commissioners on the part of New Jersey wei'c appointed 
under an act passed in 1876, and received their authority from a 
supplementary act, which is printed below. The Commissioners 
thus authorized to act were Abraham Browning, Esq., of Camden, 
Hon. Thomas N. McCarter, of Newark, and Professor George H. 
Cook, of New Brunswick. 

State of New Jersey, Senate, No. 245. 

A supplement to an act entitled "An act appointing Commission- 
ers to locate the northern boundary line between the States of New 
York and New Jersey, and to replace or erect monuments therein," 
approved April 13, 1876. 



No. 46.] 5 

First. — Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of 
the State of New Jersey, That the Commissioners appointed under 
said act, to which this is a supplement, shall, in addition to the au- 
thority conferred by said act, have authority, in their discretion, to 
proceed to ascertain and agree upon the location of the northern 
l30undary line between the States of New York and New Jersey as 
originally established and marked with monuments ; and in case 
any monuments are found dilapidated or removed from their orisfi- 
nal location said Commissioners are authorized to renew or replace 
them in a durable manner in their original positions, and to erect 
sucli additional monuments at such places on said line as they may 
deem necessary for the proper designation of the boundary line of 
said State. 

Second. — And be it enacted, That any agreement made by the 
said Commissioners shall be in writing, and signed and sealed by the 
authorities of the State of New York, and the Commissioners of this 
State, but shall not' take effect unless confirmed by the respective 
Legislatures of the States of New York and New Jersey. 

Third. — And be it enacted. That this act shall take effect imme- 
diately. 

Approved March 25, 1881. 



Proceedings of the Joint Commission. 

The Commissioners, appointed and authorized as above, held a 
joint meeting at the village of Piermont, in Rockland county, N. 
Y., near to the initial point of the boundary line on the Hudson river, 
on the 2Uth day of July, 1881. "The following are the minutes of 
the proceedings of this meeting : 



New York and New Jersey Boundary, '( 

July 20, 1881. f 

By mutual agreement the Commissioners of New York and New 
Jersey, appointed to re-mark the boundary line between said States, 
met in joint session at Piermont, in Rockland county, N. Y.. in the 
vicinity of said boundary line. 

There were present: On the part of New York — Eenry R. 
Pierson, Albany; Elias W. Leavenworth, of Syiacuse ; and on the 
part of New Jersey — Abraham Browning, of Camden ; Thomas 
N. McCarter, of Newark ; George H. Cook, of New Brunswick. 

Chauncey M. Depew, the third member of the Commission from 
the State of New York, being detained by business, was not present. 

There were also present, in connection with the New Jersey Com- 
missioners, Edward A. Bowser, surv^eyor, of New Brunswick, and 
in connection with the New York Commissioners, David JMiu'iay, 
of Albanv, Secretary of the New York Commission. 

The Joint Commission was organized by the appointment of 
Abraham Browning Chairman, and David Murray Secretary. 

The following resolution was offered by Mr. Pierson and unani- 
mously adopted : 



6 [Senate 

Resolved, That this Joint Commission proceed to take the neces- 
SHi-y steps to restore and replace the monuments on the line as ascer- 
tained and laid down in a survey of the line made by James Clinton, 
of New York, and Anthony Dennis, of New Jersey, surveyors, 
under the direction of the Joint Comnnssioners, viz. : William Wick- 
ham and Samuel Gale, on the part of New York, and John Stevens 
and Walter Ruthcrfurd, on the part of New Jersey, and described 
in a report made by the above-named Commissioners, dated on the 
30th day of November, 1774, so far as these monuments yet re- 
main ; and where they, or any of them, have become lost or de- 
stroyed, to establish, as nearly as practicable, others in their stead, 
and also to erect such additional monuments at such places on said 
line as they may deem necessary for the proper designation of the 
boundary line between said States. 

The following resolution was also offered and unanimously 
adopted : 

Resolved, That Prof. Edward A. Bowser, who made the reconnais- 
sance of the boundary line as described in a i-eport to Dr. George H. 
Cook, August 28, 1874, be in charge of said work in concurrence 
with a surveyor to be appointed by the New York Commissioners 
to represent the State of New York ; and that said surveyors pro- 
ceed to examine the line and ascertain the number and character of 
the monuments required, and report the same, with such suggestions 
and reconnnendations as they may deem proper, to the Joint Com- 
mission for their further action. 

The followino; resolution was in like manner ojffered and unaui- 
mously adopted : 

Resolved, That the expense incurred in the w^ork of re-examina- 
tion and re-marking the boundary line be divided equally between 
the two States. 

It was further Resolved, That the Joint Commission, when it ad- 
journs, shall meet again at the call of the chairman in the city of 
New York to receive the report of the surveyors. 

Notice was given by the New York Connnission that II. W. 
Clarke, of Syracuse, had been appointed by them to co-operate witii 
Mr. Bowser in the preliminary examination of the line. 

The Joint Commissioners then adjourned. 

DAVID MURRAY, Secretary. 
Approved : A. Browning, Chairina7i. 

In accordance with the plan adopted by the Commissioners, Profes- 
sor Edward A. Bowser, as surveyor on the ]:)art of New Jersey, 
and Major II. W. Clarke, who had been designated by the New 
York Boundary Commissioners as the surveyor on the pai-t of 
New York, during the summer of 1881 made a careful examination 
of the entire line, and prepared a report, with recommendations. 
(See Appendix 2.) On the 30th day of November, 1881, the 
Commissioners held a joint meeting in the city of New York to con- 



No. 4G.] 7 

sider tliis report and take measures for tlie continuation of the work. 
The minutes of this meeting are given below. 

New York and New Jersey Boundary, ) 
November 30, 1881. f 

The Joint Commissioners appointed to re-mark the boundary line 
between the States of New York and New Jersey met at the call 
of the chairman at 12 m., November 30, 1881, at the St. Nicholas 
Hotel in the city of New York. 

There were present on the part of New York, Commissioners 
Elias AV. Leavenworth and Chauncey M. Depew ; and on tlie part 
of New Jersey, Commissioners Thomas N. McCarter and George 
H. Cook. 

Commissioner Pierson, of New York, communicated to the Joint 
Connnission his inability, on account of pressing business engage- 
ments, to be present. 

The minutes of the meeting held at Piermont, July 20, 1881, M'ere 
read and approved. 

The report of the surveyors, Edward A. Bowser, of New Jersey, 
and H. W. Clarke, of New York, in accordance with the resolution 
adopted by the last meeting, was presented and read. On motion of 
Commissioner Leavenworth, the report was accepted. 

The Joint Commission then proceeded to consider in detail the 
recommendations made by the report of the surveyors, whereupon 
the following resolutions relating thereto were unanimously adopted : 

Peferring to the recommendations as to the kind and description 
of the monuments to be used in re-marking the line, it was, 

Resolved^ 1. That the recommendations of the surveyors, as to the 
size, form, material and mode of marking of the monuments, are 
here-by approved, except that no monuments shall be set at the inter- 
sect-ion of county and township lines, and except that no witness 
monuments shall be set as recommended on the east bank of the 
Hudson river, nor on the west bank of the Delaware river. 

2. That Commissioners Leavenworth and Cook be appointed a 
committee to advise a suitable mode of marking the terminal points 
of the boundary line, and to procure for this purpose such monu- 
ments as they shall deem appropriate. 

Referring to the recommendation of the report, as to the mode of 
setting the monuments, it was 

Itesolved, 1. That the use of hydraulic cement in setting the 
monuments be dispensed with, and that they be set with broken 
stone in the firmest manner possible. 

2. That at the bottom of the excavations, powdered charcoal be 
sprinkled in qrder to aid in linding the monumental points when 
lost, and that a flat disk of earthenware, six inches in diameter, 
with a hole in the center, be placed below each monument to aid 
in identifying the exact points. __ ^ _ ^ 



8 [Senate 

Eeferring to the recommendations of tlie report, as to cutting vistas 
and clearing away woods and slirubs around tiie monuments, it was, 

Resolved, That the surveyors be instructed to interfere as little as 
possible with the trees and shrubs, and only to cut them away when 
necessary for the proper running of the line. 

Memoranda as to the cost of the monuments and the necessary ex- 
penses of transportation, and the cost of running the line and setting 
the monuments, were presented to the Joint Commission. Where- 
upon it was. 

Resolved, That the business of contracting for the necessary 
monuments and their transportation be referred to the surveyors 
and the Secretary of the Joint Commission, with instructions that 
they make such contracts at once and on the best terms possible. It 
was further, 

Resolved, That the surveyors be instructed to begin work at as 
early a date in the spring of 18S2 as possible, and that they pursue 
it without interruption until it is completed. 

Without further action the Joint Commission then adjourned. 

DAVID MURRAY, Secretary. 
Approved : 

Thomas N. McCaktee, Chairman. 



Instructions for the guidance of the surveyors, in accordance 
with the agreement of the Commissioners of the two States, were 
prepared as follows : 

Instructions to the Surveyors in relation to the Surveying, 
Revision and Rk-marking of the Boundary Line between New 
York and New Jeijsey. Dated March 21, 1882. 

States of New York and New Jersey ) 

Joint Boundary Commission, >- 

March 21, 1882. ) 

To Edward A. Bowser, Surveyor on, the part of New Jersey , and 
II. W. Clarke, Surveyor on the 2) art of New York: 

On behalf of the Joint Commission on the Boundary Line between 
the States of New York and New Jersey, I beg to communicate to 
you such instructions as may be necessary for your guidance in the 
work of surveying and re-marking the boundary line between the 
two States, extending from the Hudson river to the Delaware river. 

1. You are to proceed with the work at as early a date in the 
spring as the season will permit, and to continue such work nntil the 
same is complete. 

2. You are to determine, as near]}' as practicable, the location of 
the old boundary monuments, and where these are still in existence 



Ko. 46.] 9 

you are to reset tlieni in a substantial manner in their original location, 
and you are to establish at each mile interval a new monument, of 
the form hereinafter described, and in case the old monument still 
remains at any point, you are to place the new monument on the 
east side of and contiguous to the old monument and in line there- 
with. 

3. "Where one or more of the old mile monuments on any part of 
the line is missing, and its original location cannot otlierwise be deter- 
mined, you are to run a straight line between the nearest adjacent 
mile points whose locations are known, and on this straight line and 
at the proper interval or intervals you are to establish the new mon- 
ument or monuments. 

4. You are to establish at each liighway and at each line of rail- 
way or river crossed by the boundary line, and in a straight line be- 
tween the nearest adjacent mile monuments, a road monument of 
the form hereinafter described, said monument to be placed in a con- 
spicuous but secure location at the side of the highway, railroad or 
river. 

5. The mile monuments hei'einbefore referred to are to be of 
granite, four feet long, the top dressed six inches square, and for a 
distance down of six inches ; upon one side to be cut the letters 
N. y., and upon the opposite N. J. ; upon a third side a number 
corresponding to the number of the original mile monument; quar- 
ter-inch grooves to be cut at right angles across the center of the top 
parallel to the sides. 

6. The road monuments hereinbefore referred to are to be of the 
same material as the mile monuments, but to be four and one-half 
feet in length and six by twelve inches in cross section, and dressed 
at the top for a distance of one foot ; and they are to be marked in 
the same way except that they shall not be marked with numbers. 

7. The excavations to receive the monuments are to be carried 
six inches below the bottom of the monument and powdered charcoal 
is to be sprinkled over the bottom, and a flat disc of earthenware six 
inches in diameter, perforated in the center, is to be placed vertic- 
ally beneath the point to be marked by the monument ; the monument 
is to be sunk so that in the case of the mile monuments only six inches 
of the to]) shall project above the surface of the ground, and in the case 
of the road monuments twelve inches. The monument is to be se- 
cured in its proper place by packing broken stone in the excavation 
around it. 

8. Special terminal monuments are to be set at or near the ends 
of the line on the Hudson and Delawai-e rivers. The plan for said 
monuments and the method of setting them, as well as the location 
of the same, are to be determined by a sub-committee of the Joint 
Commission, consisting of Commissioner Leavenworth of New York 
and Commissioner Cook of New Jei'sey ; and you are to set in a sub- 
stantial and permanent manner such monuments provided by said 
Connnissioners. 

[Sen. Doc. No. 4G.] 2 



10 [Senate 

9. You are to keep records of the work done in re-marking this 
boundary, in which shall be given, among other things, descriptions 
of the several monuments, together with their underground marks, 
nature of the soil, their surroundings and temporary witness-marks, 
which may serve to identify their location. These records are to be 
made out in duplicate, one copy for New York and one for New 
Jersey. 

10. You are also to prepare an accurate topographical map of the 
line upon which the exact positions of the monuments are to be 
indicated, and this map is to be duplicated, so that one copy may be 
furnished to the Commissioners of New York and one for the Com- 
missioners of New Jersey. 

11. You are also to prepare a full report of your work in survey- 
ing and re-marking the line, giving such particulars as to the history 
of the line, the mode of settling doubtful points, and such descrip- 
tions of the monuments, their location and their surroundings as 
will serve to make a complete record of the boundary line ; and 
this report must be prepared in duplicate so that one copy may be 
furnished to the Commissioners of New York and one copy to the 
Connnissioners of New Jersey. 

12. You are to keep accurate and detailed accounts of expenses 
incurred in the prosecution of your work and take quadruplicate 
vouchers therefor. You are to present as often as once in each 
month an abstract of these expenses in duplicate, charging to each 
State the one-half of such expenses, one copy for each of the States, 
accompanying each abstract with duplicate vouchers of each of the 
items therein. 

13. You will be authorized to draw in advance for funds with 
which to meet the current expenses of your work, one-half from each 
State, such advances to be accounted for in your monthly state- 
ments ; drafts for New York to be made on David Murray, Secretary, 
and drafts for New Jersey to be made on George H. Cook, Secretary. 

14. In the event of a serious doubt as to the proper location for 
any one of the proposed monuments, or of a disagreement between 
the two surveyors as to such location, the question in doubt or dis- 
pute is to be submitted to the Joint Commission, and to be decided 
after investigation and consultation by mutual agreement. 

DAYIDMUKRAY, 
Secretary of the Joint Commission. 



Field Operations. 

^ In pursuance of these instructions the surveyors proceeded, during 
the summer of 1882, to re-survey the line and re-mark it with monu- 
ments. The details of tlieir operations arc given in the I'cport made 
by them to the Joint Commissioners, and is herewith transmitted 
(See Appendix 3), and in the field books kept by them, a copy of 
which are herewith transmitted. The sub-committee of the Joint 



No. 46.] 11 

Commission, consisting of Commissioner Leavenworth on the part 
of New York and Commissioner Cook on tiie part of New Jersey, 
proenred snitable monuments for marking tlie termini of tlie Hue 
at the Hudson river on the east, and tlie Delaware river on the west. 
These monuments and their locations are described in a special 
report made to the Joint Commission and is herewith transmitted. 
(See Appendix 5.) 

On the 17th day of November, 1SS2, tlie Counnissioners of the 
two States held a joint meeting at the village of Port Jervis, near 
the western terminus of the boundary line. 

The following are the minutes of this meeting : 

November IT, 1882. 

The Joint Commission on the Boundary of New York and New 
Jersey met in the village of Port Jervis, in the county of Orange, 
New York. 

Pi-esent — Abram Browning, Thomas N. McCarter and Georg6 H. 
Cook, Commissioners on the part of New Jersey, and Henry E.. 
Pierson and Elias W. Leavenworth, Commissioners on the part ot 
New York. 

Abram Browning presided, and David Murray acted as Secretary. 

The Joint Commission visited and inspected the terminal monu- 
ment erected at Station Point, at the confluence of the Delaware 
and Navesink rivers, and also the adjacent mile and road monu- 
ments erected to mark the boundary, and found the same satisfactor3\ 

Commissioners Leavenworth and Cook made a report in reference 
to the erection of the terminal monuments at the Palisades, and at 
Station Point at the continence of the Delaware and Navesink 
rivers. This report was considered and referred back to the same 
commissioners to complete the statement of expenses incurred. Li 
reference to the nnad justed account of the committee with Mr. 
French, the contractor who furnished the terminal monuments, it 
was resolved that the connnittee be authorized to settle with said 
contractor by a payment of $573.98. 

On motion, Commissioner Cook and Secretary Murray were a])- 
pointed a committee to adjust and pay all outstanding accounts, and 
to prepare a full statement of the total expenditures for presenta- 
tion to the Leo^islatures. 

It was also Resolved, That Commissioner Cook and Secretary Mur- 
ray be authorized to prepare an agreement to be signed by the Commis- 
sioners of the two States, and a Unal report in regard to the work of 
the Commission for transmission to the Legislatures of the tM'o 
States. 

Commissioners Pierson, Leavenworth and Cook were appointed 
a committee to visit and inspect the terminal monument on the 
Palisades, and to make a report on the same to the Joint Commission. 

The Joint Coirnnission then adjourned. 

A. BEOWNING, Chairman. 
David Murray, Secretary. 



12 [Senate 

Final Agreement. 

The work of sarvejnng the boundary line and re-marking it with 
suitable and durable monuments having thus been completed to the 
satisfaction of the Conmiissioners of the tv70 States, a formal agree- 
ment was made by the Commissioners, and duly executed by them 
on behalf of the two States. It was stipulated that this agreement 
should become binding and operative whenever it should be ratified 
and conlirmed by the Legislatures of the two States, and approved 
by the Congress of the United States. Accordingly a bill has been 
proposed and submitted to the Legislature ratifying and confirming 
the agreement entered into by the Commissioners. (See Appen- 
dix 6.) By this bill the Governor is also authorized, when lie shall 
have received due notice of a like ratification by the State of New 
Jersey, in concurrence with the Executive of New Jersey, to com- 
municate the action of the two States to Congress and to ask its 
approval of the same. The agreement entered into by the Com- 
missioners is as follows : 

An agreement made the Ytli day of June, in the year 1883, be- 
tween Henry R. Pierson, Elias W. Leavenworth and Chauncey M. 
Depew, Commissioners on the part of the State of New York, and 
Abraliam Browning, Thomas N. McCarter and George H. Cook, 
Commissioners on the part of the State of New Jersey : 

Wherea.s, By the first section of chapter 340 of the Laws of the 
State of New York for the year l'^80 it was recited, among other 
things, that whereas, by an act of the Legislature, passed the 2Gth 
day of May, 1875, theliegents of the University of the State of New 
York were authorized and directed, in connection with the authori- 
ties of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, respectively, to replace any 
monuments which have become dilapidatecl or been removed on the 
boundary lines of tliose States, and it was thereby declared that the 
lines originally laid down and marked with monuments by the 
several Joint Commissioners, duly appointed for that purpose, and 
which have shice been acknowledged and legally recognized by the 
several States interested as the limits of their territory and jurisdic- 
tion, are the boundary lines of said States, irrespective of want of 
conformity to the verbal descriptions thereof; and by the second 
section of the same chapter of the Laws of the State of New York, 
the said Regents w^ere authorized and empowered to designate and 
appoint three of their number as Commissioners, to meet such Com- 
missioners as may have been, or may be, appointed on the part of 
the States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, or either of them, and 
with such last named Commissioners, as soon as may be, to proceed 
to ascertain and agree upon the location of said lines as originally 
established and marked with monuments, and in case any monu- 
ments are found dilapidated or removed from their original location, 
said Commissioners are authorized to replace them in a durable 
manner in their original position, and to erect such additional 



Xo. 4G.] 13 

monuments at sncli places on said lines as thej may deem necessaiy 
for tlie proper designation of tlie boundarj' lines of said States ; and, 

Whereas, Also, the above-named Henry R. Pierson, Elias W. 
Leavenworth and Channcey M. Depew have been duly designated 
and appointed by the said Tlie Regents of the University of the State 
of New York, Commissioners on the part of said State, for the pur- 
poses mentioned in the said act ; and. 

Whereas, Also, by an act of the Legislature of the State of New 
Jersey, entitled "An act appointing Commissioners to locate the 
northern boundary line between the States of New York and New 
Jersey, and to replace and erect monuments thereon," approved 
April 13, 1876, the Governor of the State of New Jersey was author- 
ized to appoint three Commissioners with power, on the part of said 
State of New Jersey to meet any authorities on the part of the State 
of New York, who may be duly authorized, and with them to nego- 
tiate and agree upon the true location of the said boundary line be- 
tween the States of New Yoi'k and New Jersey, and also to replace 
any monument which may have become dilapidated or been removed, 
on said boundary line, and to erect new ones, which agreement it 
was thereby enacted should be in writing, and signed and sealed by 
the authorities of the State of New York and the Commissioners of 
the State of New Jersey ; and, 

Whereas, The above-named Abraham Browning, Thomas N. Mc- 
Carter and George H. Cook have been duly appointed Commis- 
sioners on the part of the State of New Jersey under said act ; and, 

Whereas, By a supplement to the last said act, approved on 
the 25th day of March, 1881, the Commissioners under the last said 
act wei'e, in addition to the authority conferred by the last said act, 
also authorized in their discretion to proceed to ascertain and agree 
upon the location of the northern boundary line between the States 
of New York and New Jersey, as originally established and marked 
with monuments, and in case any monuments are found dilapidated, 
or removed from their original location, said Commissioners were 
authorized to renew and replace them in a durable manner in their 
original positions, and to erect such additional monuments at such 
places on said lines as they may deem necessary for the proper desig- 
nation of the boundary line of said States ; and. 

Whereas, The said Commissioners, acting for and on behalf of 
their respective States, have entered upon the performance of the 
duties imposed upon thein by the said acts, and have in pursuance 
of the authority to them severally given as aforesaid, agreed, and 
hereby do agree, as follows : 

First. The line extending from the Hudson river on the east to 
the Delaware river on the west, as the same was laid down and 
marked with monuments in 1774, by William Wickhamand Samuel 
Gale, Commissioners on the part of the then Colony of New York, 
duly appointed for that purpose in pursuance of an act of the Assem- 
bly of the Colony of New York, passed on the 16th day of February, 
1771, entitled An act for establishing the boundary or partition line 



14 [Senate 

between the Colonies of New York and Novca C?esarea or New Jer- 
sey, and for confirming titles and possession, and John Stevens and 
Walter RtUherfurd, Commissioners on tlie part of tlie then Colony 
of New Jersey, duly appointed in pursnance of an act of the Assem- 
bly of the Colony of New Jersey, passed on the 23d day of Septem- 
ber, 1772, entitled An act for establishing the boundary or partition 
line between the Colonies of New York and JSova Csesarea or New 
Jersey, and for confirming titles and possession, which said line has 
since been acknowledged and recognized by the two States as the 
limit of their respective territory and jurisdiction, shall, notwithstand- 
ino- its want of conformity to the verbal description thereof as recited 
by said Commissioners, continne to be the boundary or partition line 
between the said two States ; provided that wherever npon said line 
the location of one or more of the monuments erected by said Com- 
missioners in 1774 has been lost and cannot otherwise be definitely 
fixed and determined, then and in that case, and in every case where 
it is required to establish intervening points on said line, a straight 
line drawn between the nearest adjacent monuments whose localities 
are ascertained shall be understood to be, and shall be, the true 
boundary line. 

Second. The monumental marks by which said boundary line 
shall hereafter be known and recognized are hereby declared to be : 
first, the original monuments of stone erected in 1774, along said 
line by the (Jommissioners aforesaid as the same have been restored 
and re-established in their original positions by Edward A. Bowser, 
surveyor on the. part of New Jersey, and Henry W. Clark, sur- 
veyor on the part of New York, duly appointed by the parties 
hereto ; second, the new monuments of granite erected by the afore- 
said surveyors at intervals of one mile more or less along said line, and 
numbered consecutively, beginning from the Hudson river, and sev- 
erally marked on the northerly side with the letters N. Y., and on 
the southerly side with the letters N. J. ; and third, the monu- 
ments of granite erected by the aforesaid surveyors at intervening 
points on said line at its intersection with public roads, railroads 
and rivers, and severally marked by them, on the northerly side 
with the letters N. Y., and on the southerly side with the letters 
N. J. ; and fourth, the terminal monument erected at the western 
terminus of said line at the confluence of the Delaware and Nave- 
sink rivers, and the terminal monument erected on the brow of the 
rock called the Palisades near the eastern terminus, and the rock 
lying land being at the foot of the Palisades on the bank of the 
Hudson river, and marked as the original terminal monument of 
said line established in 1774, as the same are described in a joint re- 
port made to the parties hereto by Elias W. Leavenworth, Commis- 
sioner on the part of New York, and George H. Cook, Commis- 
sioner on the part of New Jersey. 

Third. The field-books of said survej^ors, containing tiie dcsci'ip- 
tions of the locations of the several monuments erected by them, 
and of the witness marks thereto, the report of said surveyors con- 



No. 46.] 15 

taininor the account of their work in ascertainino: and markino- said 
line, together with the topographical map of said line and tlie vicinity 
thereof, and the several documents and books of record containing 
the transactions of tlie parties aforesaid, having been duly authenti- 
cated and attested by the signatures of the said Commissioners, and 
placed on lile in the office of the Secretaries of the State, of the two 
States, shall constitute the permanent and authentic records of said 
boundary line, and are hereby adopted by the parties hereto, and made 
part of tills agreement. 

Fourth. This agreement shall become binding on the two States 
when confirmed by the Legislatures thereof respectively, and when 
confirmed by the Congress of the United States. 

In witness whereof, the said Commissioners have hereto set their 
hands and seals, in duplicate, this 7th day of June, in the year of 
our Lord 1883. 

Executed in the presence of : HENRY R. PIERSON, 

Witness as to H. R. Fierson : E. W. LEAVENWORTH, 

A. C. JuDsoN, Albany, N. Y. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, 
As to Chauncey M. Depew : 

W. J. Van Arsdale. A. BROWNING, 

As to Commissioners of New THOMAS N. McCARTER, 

Jersey : GEORGE H. COOK. 

B, Williamson. 

Witness to the signature of E 
W. Leavenworth : 
A. F. Lewis. 

Conclusion. 

The Commissioners of New York have prepared to be filed along 
with the evidence of the ratification of the agreement by the two 
States and of its approval by the Congress of the United States, 
whenever it shall be received, the following documents, which con- 
stitute permanent and authentic records of the boundary, viz.: 

1. The duplicate original copy of the agreement signed by the 
several Commissioners. 

2. The duplicate original books of the surveyors, containing the de- 
scriptions of the locations of the several monuments erected by them 
and of the witness marks thereto. 

3. The duplicate original report made by the surveyors, contain- 
ing the account of their work in ascertaining and marking said line. 

4. The duplicate original topographical map of the boundary 
line and vicinity. 

5. The duplicate original minutes of the Com'missioners of the 
two States in joint session. 

6. A volume in manuscript, containing a complete record of all 
transactions connected with the work of ascertaining and re-mark- 
ing the boundary line. 

In order to make the present report, so far as possible, a complete 
record of the entire history of this boundary line, the Commission- 



16 [Sknate, N"o. 4G.] 

ers liHve appended to it tlie documents relating to the present work 
of ascertaining and rc-niarking the line, tliey have also procured the 
pre])aration by Mr. Berthold Fernow, of the bureau of Historical 
Documents of the State Library, of a historical sketch of the line, 
including an account of the early disputes in relation to it, and its 
final settlement in 1774. (See Appendix 7.) 

As required by the act establishing them, the Commissioners also 
herewith present a statement of the expenditures on account of the 
work. (See Appendix 1.) 

The Commissioners have great satisfaction in thus reporting- the 
entire com])letion of the work intrusted to them upon this bound- 
ary. They desire to testify to tlie admirable spirit of cordiality and 
harmony with wliicli the Commissioners of New Jersey have co- 
operated with tliem in this work. 

There has been entire agreement between the Commissioners of 
the two States, not only in relation to the general principles by 
which they were to be guided, but also in all their discussions per- 
taining to the details of their work. 

It is believed that the monuments with which the line has been 
marked are of so durable a character, and have been so substantially 
set, that they are not likely to require to be re-set in a \'ery long 
period. 

The iniperfect and comparatively perishable monuments set in 
1774 have served to preserve the line for more than a century. 
"We may fairly expect that the inoi-e substantial and indestructible 
monuments with which it has now been marked will continue for a 
much longer period. Even if the monuments projecting above the 
gi-onnd sliall be destroyed or moved, it will always be possible, from 
the full and carefully recorded descriptions of the points, and from 
the underground marks which are entirely indestructible, to lind 
and verify these points, even after the lapse of centuries. 
Respectfully submitted, 

H. R. PIEESOTnT, 

E. W. LEAVENWORTH, 

C. M. DEPEW, 

Commiss{o7iers of New Yorl\ 



APPENDIX 1. 

STATEMENT OF THE EXPENDITUEES mCUKRED BY 

THE COMMISSIONERS OF KEW YORK IN THE 

SURVEY, REVISION AND FINAL SET- 

TLEMENT OF THE BOUNDARY 

LINE BETWEEN NEW YORK 

AND NEW JERSEY. 



Expenditures. 

Traveling and office expenses of the New York Com- 
missioners $294 34 

Terminal monuments, $733.64, one-half paid by New 

York 366 82 

Mile and road monuments, $385.79, one-half paid by 
New York 192 86 

Field expenses, $4,385,65, oue-half paid by New York, 2,191 83 

Total. $3,045 88 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 3 



APPENDIX 2. 

PRELIMmARY REPORT OF THE SURVEYORS IN RE- 
LATION TO THE BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN 
NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY TO THE 
JOINT COMMISSION IN CHARGE. 

Dated August 1, 1881. 



To the Joint Commission having in charge the Boundary hetween 
the States of New Jersey and New York : 

Gentlemen — We have the honor to submit tlie following report, 
in accordance with instructions contained m the following resolu- 
tion, adopted by the Joint Commission at its meeting 20th July, 
1881 : 

^'■Resolved, That Mr. Edward A. Bowser, surveyor, who made 
the reconnaissance and report of the survey of said boundary u. Dr. 
George H. Cook, dated August 28, 1874, be m charge ol said work 
m concurrence with a surveyor to be appointed by the New York 
Commission to represent the State of New York ; and that the said 
surveyors sliall proceed to examine the line, and ascertain the num- 
ber and character ot the monuments required, and report tlie same, 
with such recommendations as they may deem proper, to the Joint 
Commission for further action.'' 

Visn TO THE Boundary. 

In compliance with the preceding resolution (II. W. Clarke hav- 
ing been appointed surveyor on the part ot New York) we pro- 
ceeded to the village of Tappan, Rockland county. New York, near 
the south-easterly extremity of the bo;indaiy, and spent the 22d day 
of July m examining those monuments upon the line which were 
accessible from that point, including the marked rock at the base of 
the Palisades, in order to verify the memoranda contained in the 
report made by the State Geologist of New Jersey in 1874, and to note 
any apparent changes in the condition of the monuments since tlieir 
examination in that year. It was considered unnecessaiy to go over 
the entire boundary with this cursory examination, as it would liave 
been unsatisfactory, without a thorough instramental reconnais- 
sance. 

The survey of 1874 was not really a thorough reconnaissance. 
Under the instructions of the State Geologist of New Jersey, a tran- 



No. 4C.] 10 

sit line was run between the extremities of the line, and offsets were 
liastiiy measured to tlie milestones, or to such points as were indi- 
cated by residents in the vicinity, as the probable position of those 
monuments which were not to be found. Ko examination of the 
line between the milestones was made. In fact, upon nearly the 
entire portion where such a detailed examination is most necessary, 
the boundary was so far distant from the transit line as to render 
such an examination impracticable. 

We, therefore, after spending the day upon the eastern extremity, 
suspended the further examination upon the ground, and proceeded 
to New Brunswick, where in conference with Dr. Cook, the State 
Geologist, a basis of a report was agreed upon. 

CnARACTERISTTCS OF THE BoUNDARY. 

This boundary was originally marked by monuments which were 
mainly of a very substantial character, well cut and inscribed, and 
generally quite permanently set in the ground. Those examined by 
us at our recent visit, with one exception, had apparently never been 
disturbed except by the comparatively slight action of the elements. 
And in the case of this exception, the monument had evident!}' not 
been moved from its original position. The examination in 1874 
disclosed the fact that about one-third of the original monuments 
had been moved, or destroyed, or could not be found. The material 
of which the rimaining monuments are composed, and the condition 
in which they were then found, are given in detail in the report of 
that survey. Tiie monuments so far as we visited them were found 
to correspond in character and condition with the memoranda made 
in 1874. And we have no reason to suppose that there has been 
any material change in the condition of the monuments over the 
entire line since that time. We found no apparent change so far, as 
we examined them. And doubtless nearly all of them may remain 
undisturbed for years. 

The country along the eastern sixteen or eighteen miles of this 
boundary was settled and divided into farms long before it was 
finally run and permanently marked with monuments, and none of 
the old land lines correspond with it. The monuments stand in 
open fields or woods, entirely apart from farm lines and fences, and 
the points at which the boundary (which here seems to be simply a 
line of jurisdiction) intersects the various highways are not definitely 
known. The same may be said of several miles of the western 
extremity. In the interior, among the mountains, where the land is 
the least valuable, and comprising less than half its length, the 
boundary has been made a property line, the surveys in that section 
being of a more recent date. 

It is to this portion that most of the lost monuments belong. 
A thorough examination along tlio line itself may result in the dis- 
covery of some authentic points which were not found in 1874. 



20 [Sknatb 

Hkconnaissaxce. 

We arc of tlio decided opinion that a careful reconnaissance along 
the boundary, with transit and chain, is quite necessary, before any 
thing can be done toward replacing any of the missing monuments, 
or fixing the points for any new intermediate ones. Lines should 
be carefully run between such monuments as may be undisputedly 
in place and points made at the various highway and railway inter- 
sections. Upon those portions where monuments are missing, a 
careful examination should be made for all old landmarks or marked 
trees, which may aid in the readjustment. Old surveys should be 
examined, if any are known to exist, to obtain, if possible, any in- 
formation which may throw light upon these undefined sections. 

When this reconnaissance is completed, the points at which inter- 
mediate monuments are required Avill be known. 

In consequence of the engagements of Mr. Bowser, it was thought 
best to recommend the postponement of the reconnaissance until 
early next spring, when it can be carried on much more satisfac- 
torily than late in the season, from the fact that the trees and 
bushes will not present so great impediment to instrumental work ; 
and the condition of the atmosphere is more apt to be clear and 
favorable. 

This will also afford an opportunity to have the monuments quar- 
ried and prepared, ready to be set upon the completion of the survey. 

Adjustment. 

The problem involved in the adjustment of those portions of the 
ooundary upon wiiich monuments have been lost or moved is in this 
case a very simple one. Where the boundary is not a property line, 
a straight line between existing monuments will be the most satis- 
factory method. And even in the mountainous region where it is 
a property line, although the original line between the present ex- 
isting monuments may have been crooked, unless the careful recon- 
naissance of these portions results in the discovery of monuments 
not found in 1874, a straight line between undisputed monuments 
is probably the best course to be taken. 

The results of a careful instrumental examination upon these por- 
tions may possibly occasion a modification of this opinion. 

Monuments. 

The monuments to be placed to mark the line anew should be of 
granite of a uniform texture, and if practicable, entirely different 
from any stone quarried in the vicinity of the boundary. 

For setting at the mile-points already marked by monuments, and 
replacing milestones lost or destroyed, tho new monuments should 
be four feet long, the top being dressed six inches scjuare, and each 
side should l)e dressed at least six inches at the upper end. Upon 
one side should be cut the letters N. Y., and upon the opposite side 



No. 46.] 21 

N. J., and upon a third face the number corresponding to tlie num- 
ber of the original monaineiit, qnarter-incli grooves to be cut at 
right angles across tiie center of tlie top, parallel with the faces of 
the stone. 

We also recommend that monuments of the same size be placed 
to mark the line upon the crests of the principal ridges of mountains. 

For Hxing the intersection of the boundai-y with the various high- 
ways and railways,* the dimensions of the monuments should be 
four and a half feet long ; top to be dressed six by twelve inches, 
rectangular, with quarter-inch grooves at right angles, parallel with 
the faces of the stone ; and the faces to be dressed twelve inches at 
the upper end. These are to be placed upon the side of the high- 
way or railway at such a point as may, in the judgment of the 
engineer in charge of the reconnaissance, be the most safe and proper 
position : the longitudinal groove being carefully ad justed in setting 
in the direction of the boundary. 

The letters N. Y. and N. J. will be cut upon these as w^ell as 
upon those which may be set upon the crests of the ridges ; and they 
will be marked with the number of the milestone next east, with 
the distance therefrom added in a decimal form in hundredths of a 
mile.f 

The corner of the counties of Rockland and Orange, New York, 
is fixed by statute at milestone 20. There are four town corners in 
New York upon this boundary, which are not marked by natural 
boundaries. One of these, being at the intersection of a road, may 
be marked by the highway monument. Two of the others are defi- 
nitely fixed by reference to known points, and the fourth, we think, 
may readily be identified from the statute description. It would be 
well to mark these with the ordinary monuments appropriately in- 
scribed. There are two county corners and one tow^n corner in New 
Jersey which are not marked by natural boundaries. These, if they 
be not at milestones and may readily be identitied, should also be 
marked in the same way. One town line, which follows the crest 
of the Blue mountain, may be indicated by an intermediate monu- 
ment already provided for. 

It would be quite proper to interest in the matter the proper 
autliorities of the counties or towns, the corners of which may thus 
be fixed, and secure their assistance and co-operation. 

The intermediate monuments especially designed to mark these 
corners may be of the same size as those provided for mile-points, 
but the grooves upon the top should be cut upon the diagonals, and 
the stones should be set with a diagonal in the direction of the line. 
Upon the faces fronting the counties or towns whose corners are 
marked should be cut their respective initial letters, while the num- 
ber of the monument may occupy a third face, as already described. 

* Ii was found that these monuments would project too far above the surface 
of the track for use at railway intersections, and the railway monuments were, 
therefore, made of the same size as those described in the preceding paragraph. 

f These distances were omitted at the suggestion of the Commissioners when 
the monuments were ordered. 



22 [Senatk 

Tiie monument upon the crest of the Bhie mountain maybe marked 
and set in this manner. 

The monuments should be carefully placed in the excavations 
made to receive them, with only the dressed portion at the upper 
end projecting above the snrfiice of the ground ; the north-easterly 
and south-westerly faces being placed parallel with the line, except 
in the case of town corner monuments. The monuments at highway 
and railway intersections, and others where practicable, and neces- 
sary to preserve them in position, should be secured by tilling the 
excavation about them with concrete of hydrauUc cement, and loose 
or broken stone. 

Where the nature of the substratum will admit, the holes for the 
monuments should be excavated to a depth of a foot below the bot- 
tom of the monument and an underground mark of some sort, either 
an inverted unglazed crock, with the hole in the bottom, or a square 
stone or brick-tile, with a large copper rivet set tlirough the center, 
should be placed exactly under the point to be marked, and well 
embedded with surface-soil, before the monument is set. In a rocky 
substratum a copper bolt, set into the rock in the bottom of the hole, 
will answer. 

As the monuments at present standing upon some portion of the 
boundary are mostly of a very substantial character, and have been 
known and recognized by the inhabitants fur years as boundary 
monuments, we suggest that they be left undisturbed, except so far 
as may be necessary to set them erect and more firmly in their places. 
The new monument to be set close to the south-easterly edge in the 
direction of the line. The figures 177-i should be cut in the south- 
easterly face of each old monument left standing. 

The western terminal point being within the high-water channel of 
the Delaware river, and liable to possible disturbance l)y the action 
of the river during ice-freshets, we recommend that a granite monu- 
ment, of a somewhat more elaborate character than those above de- 
scribed, be placed in the Ime south-easterly f lom this point, east of 
the Navesink river, with an appropriate inscription upon it, and 
its exact distance from the terminal point cut into it. It would 
be well also to place an ordinary monument upon or near the right 
bank of the Delaware in a north-westerly jjrolongation of the 
boundary. 

Upon the edge of the Palisades, where it can be distinctly seen 
from the Hudson, it is desirable to place upon the line a prominent 
mark, in the nature of a tower or frustum of a pyramid, which may 
be built up of masonry composed of the rock from the Palisades 
themselves. It might also be advisable to place an ordinary monu- 
ment at a convenient point near the left bank of the Hudson, in a 
south-easterly prolongation of the boundary. It will be useless at 
present to undertake to set a monument at the base of the Palisades, 
it would soon be buried in the debris irom the precipice. The large 
marked terminal rock will answer the purpose for some time to come. 



No. 46.] 23 

Number of Monuments. 

The actual number of monuments required can better be fixed 
after the reconnaissance is completed. 

The following is an approximate estimate : 

To replace milestones 4^ 

Highway intersections, about .... 55 

Railway intersections, about 7 

Crests of ridges, about 6 

Witnesses west of Delaware and east of Hudson 2 

County and town corners extra, about 6 

Total 124 



This estimate does not include the tower at the Palisades, or the 
monument on the left bank of the Navesink. 

The monuments may be contracted for the coming autumn, and 
can .all be ready for setting when the points are fixed, except the 
cutting of the numbers, which will have to be left until the recon- 
naissance is completed. The points most accessible for their distri- 
bution upon the boundary may also be noted during the progress 
of the survey. 

Maps and Records. 

An accurate topographical map of the boundary should be pre- 
pared after the completion of the survey, and setting the monuments, 
upon which the exact position of each should be indicated. 

A record should also be made in which each monument is described 
with all its dimensions and individual marks, underground marks, 
and the nature of the soil or rock in which it rest, the manner in 
which it is set, with a brief description of its surface surroundings, 
and any temporary witness-marks which may be left, so that the 
point may readily be identified. 

Copies of this map and record are to be filed in the proper depart- 
ment at the capital of each State; and copies of so much thereof as 
relate to each adjacent county in each State should be filed (in fact 
the record should be recorded) in the county clerk's ofiices of the 
respective counties. 

Vista. 

The small trees and underbrush for a space of thirty feet in diame- 
ter around each monument located in woods should be cut and 
thoroughly cleared away. And it is a question worthy of considera- 
tion, if before the line be left, a vista of a width at least fifteen feet 
on each side of the line should not be cut through all woods, only 
large trees which may be valuable for timber, or trees upon which 
authentic old line-marks appear, being left standing for the time 
beincr. 



24 [Senate, No. 46.] 

Caee of Monuments. 

And finally, when all the monuments shall have been set, and the 
Commission shall have made its final report to the Legislatures of 
the two States, in the acts of both Legislatures confirming the action 
of the Commission, and authenticating the monuments set under 
its direction, sections should be inserted placing these monuments 
in the charge of the supervisors and commissioners of highways of 
the towns adjoining the line in New York, and the corresponding 
town and highway otiicers of adjoining towns in New Jersey, making 
these officials directly responsible for the care and safe preservation 
of the monuments upon the sections adjoining their respective 
towns, and requiring them to promptly prosecute every person who 
may, through any motive, interfere with, damage, disturb, or remove 
any of the monuments. 

Respectfully submitted, 

E. A. BOWSER, Civil Engineer, 

Surveyor on the part of New Jersey. 
H. W. CLARKE, Civil Engineer, 

Surveyor on the part of Neio York. 
New Brunswick, N. J., August 1, 188L 



APPENDIX 3. 

FINAL EEPORT OF THE SURVEYORS IN RELATION 

TO THE SURVEYING, REVISION AND FINAL 

SETTLEMENT OF THE BOUNDARY 

LINE BETWEEN THE STATES 

OF NEW YORK AND 

NEW JERSEY. 

Dated Decemher 1, 1882. 



FiNAi Report. 



To the Joint Cojnmission having tJi charge the New Jersey and 
New York Boundary Line : 

Gentlemen — The surveyors appointed by the two brandies of 
your Commission to represent the respective States in tlie survey, 
revision and final settlement of the boundary line between New 
Jersey and New York have the honor to submit the following 
report : 

After the presentation of the preliminary report in July, 1881, 
with its recommendations, which were approved by the Commission, 
we spent considerable time before the date fixed upon for the com- 
mencement of the re-survey of the collection of material and general 
study. 

To guide us in carrying out our instructions, we had among other 
things : — 

The record of the terminal monuments as defined and estab- 
lished by the Royal Commission in 1769. [Archives of N. J. and 
N. Y.] 

The field-notes and record of monuments of the orginal survey 
of tlie boundary in 1774, under the direction of the Joint Boundary 
Commission. [MS., N. Y. State Records.] (These notes and rec- 
ords are frequently referred to in our I'eport, and a copy is ap- 
pended.) 

The report of the Commissioners and certificate of the surveyor 
in 1774, based upon the above survey. [N. J. Proprietary Papers 
and N. Y. Records.] 

A profile of levels taken by the Geological Survey of New Jer- 
sey along the boundary from Pochuck mountain to the Delaware 
river. [MS.j 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 4 



26 ' [Senate 

A plot of a survey of the portion of the boundary between mile- 
stones XIX and XXY, showing the positions of the milestones as 
referred to a straight line, made by H. L. Southard and Benjamin 
Roome for Eon. Abram S. Hewitt in 1859. [MS.] 

A survey of a straight line between the terminal monuments at 
the Hudson and Delaware rivers, with the approximate position 
of the boundary monuments of 1774, to the straight line, made by 
Professor Bowser in 1874, for the Geological Survey of New Jersey. 
[Animal Report, 1874.] 

Maps of all the towns on both sides of the boundary, careful 
tracings from which were made for the use of the party in the held. 

Upon the evening of the 5th of April, 1882, we met at Tappan, 
N. Y., with a sufficient force of assistants and a team, ready to com- 
mence operations in the field next day. 

Our party was organized as follows : 

A. A. Titsworth, Transitman and Accountant. 

C. W. F. Sproul, Stadia-Rodman. 

Harry 0. Allen, Tapeman. 

John Grey and Clias. H. Wells, Axemen ; and 

Chas. E. Curtis, Teamster. 

A suitable team for the transportation of the party and instru- 
ments upon the survey had been contracted for with Jacob Taylor, 
of Lanesboro, Penn. The team had been in use for several seasons 
in charge of the same teamster, upon the re-survey of the New York 
and Pennsylvania boundary, and proved a very valuable adjunct m 
the prosecution of the work. When not otherwise engaged, it was 
employed in hauling the monuments from the various railroad sta- 
tions to their proper sites upon the line. 

After a little delay on account of rain, active operations were 
commenced upon the 6th of April by the projection of a random 
transit line across the valley between milestones I and III. This 
random line was continued east to the Hudson river and west be- 
yond milestone lY. 

All the milestones and the station rock (or initial monument) 
were located from it by carefully measured offsets, and stakes were 
driven at each road intersected, from which the points for roa<:l 
monuments might be fixed. 

The irregularity in the boundary was found to be such that it 
would be inconvenient to undertake to follow it by a single random 
line, and the system of transit randoms connected by carefully meas- 
ured offsets, adopted by Major Clarke in the reconnaissance of the 
New York and Pennsylvania boundary, was adopted here. Thus 
the survey assumed the form of a careful transit tiaverse of the 
line, the entire length of which was covered by eighteen different 
random lines, carefully run, from wdiich the positions of all the 
existing monuments were accurately located, and the points for ad- 
ditional monuments fixed. 



No. 4(1.] 27 

The boundary is for a lari^e part of its lengtli (entirely so for tlie 
first nineteen or twenty miles) independent of all property lines, 
crossin*^ the various farm lines quite diagonally. This, with the 
known eccentricity of the line itself, when it became necessary to 
make a break in the line of traverse, made a difficult problem to 
project the next traverse random in a direction which might be most 
convenient for the purpose. 

The changes in direction were generally mide by triangular off- 
sets or "tangent deflections." When the random line was found to 
be rapidly diverging from the monument line, an offset at right 
angles was made upon a convenient summit, and the new random 
was projected by backsight upon a rear signal standing in the pre- 
ceding line. The angle between the lines could be very readily 
computed. 

An example of this method is in the last random, extending from 
between milestones XL and XL! to the Delaware river. Upon Kim- 
ber's hill, south of Unionville and eight-tenths of a mile west of mile- 
stone XL, the boundary for several miles to the westward — here for 
most of the distances, marked by fences — could be seen. The 
random line west from milestone XXXVII was found to be rapidly 
diverging to the north. An offset of one hundred and two and 
. tliirteen-one-hundrcdths feet was made at right angles, and a new 
random projected by backsight upon a signal upon the west side 
of Pochuck mountain, eighteen thousand seven hundred and eighty- 
eight feet to the rear. The random thus projected followed the 
boundary very closely upon the north, and came out between eleven 
and twelve feet north of the western terminus. 

Occasionally this method would not answer in giving the required 
direction to the new line, and an offset would be made and a rear 
signal set up ; the line would be produced to the next summit and 
another offset made, and by means of the signal at the extremity of 
the preceding offset, the new line would be projected. Parallelism 
was not attempted, except in three or four instances to pass build- 
ings — in two cases thuse were dwellings standing upon summits — 
through which the boundary passes. 

The instrument used by Mr. Titsworth was a Heller and Brightly 
engineer's transit, which was provided with extra horizontal wires 
for use with the stadia rod, the longitudinal measurements, with 
some exceptions, being made by this method. Occasionally a&tack- 
]>ole engineer's transit was used by Major Clarke on days when Mr. 
Titsworth was not in the field, and also during a few days when the 
other instrument was thought to be out of repair. 

Offsets were all measured Avith an excellent steel tape, and all 
stakes set were driven close to the surface of the ground, and the 
line marked thereon with nails. 

As before stated, the positions of the existing nionuments were 
carefvdly fixed by offsets from the random lines. Each monument 
as it was reached was carefully examined with its surroundings, and 
its position verified by reference to the notes of the original survey 



28 [Senate 

of 1774, and to the memoranda in Professor Bowser's report of the 
survey of 1874, together with sueii local or other information within 
reach. In the cases of monuments, reported by Professor Bo\vser 
as not being found, diligent search was made over a considerable 
area in the vicinity in which measurements would place them. In 
six instances, the search resulted in finding tlie monuments, the 
existence of some of which had been unknown tor years. 

The record appended to the notes of the original survey of 1774, 
meager as it is in details, was of material assistance in finding the 
missing monuments. The discovery of the six additional monuments 
simplified the problem of adjustment of the boundary, by reducing 
the intervals from which milestones were gone. In uo instance 
were two adjacent milestones absent or displaced. 

The center line of each milestone, when verified, was fixed by 
stakes driven in line, to preserve the monument point for the 
benefit of the party which should set the new monuments, 

A sketch of this boundary, drawn upon an exaggerated scale, is 
included in this report. It shows the positions of the monuments, 
referred to a straight line joining tine extremities. 

The following detailed memoranda gives the condition of the 
original mile monuments before they were re-set : 

Okiginal Monuments. 

" Station Rock," the initial point on the Hudson, is a large rec- 
tangular block of trap-rock, lying embedded in the debris at the foot 
of the Palisades, about seventy-live feet from the river beach. Its 
eastern face is exposed and is nearly vertical and parallel M'ith the 
general direction of the river, the base being nearly level, and just 
above extreme high-water mark. The dimensions of the exposed 
face are : height, three feet two inches ; length, seven feet five 
inches ; about two feet from the north edge is a vertical groove en- 
tirely across the face of the rock. This groove indicates the inter- 
section of the boundary. Across the upper part of the exposed face 
of the rock are cut the letters and figures, "LATITUDE 41 -f 
KORTH;" below this, on the south side of the groove, "New 
Jersey ; " and on the north side of the groove, " J^ew York," with 
"N. y." beneath. The depth of the block from face to back 
is about four feet. It is liable soon to be buried under the slides of 
rock, which are frequently thrown from the face of the Palisades by 
the action of the elements. 

It is quite evident from the notes of the survey of 1774, that this 
rock was not made the initial point of the boundary, but rather a 
stake and heap of stones upon the " top of the bank." Whether 
this stake and heap of stones were replaced by a monuinent we have 
no means of knowing, as the record of monuments, appended to the 
notes of 1774, is defective as to the eastern fourteen miles. Nothing 
of the sort was found upon the summit of the Palisades. 

Milestone I is a red sandstone post, dressed, with the eastern and 
western upper angles rounded. It stood firmly in place in woods 



No. 46.] 29 

in a windrow of rocks, upon land of Jacob Moore, about sixtj-tliree 
feet north of Lis south line. It was two and seven-tenths feet high, 
one and a quarter feet wide, in the direction of the boundary, six- 
tenths of a foot thick, and leaned somewhat toward the north and 
west.* Marked north side "^'^V"'"'" south side " N. Jersey," w^ith 
probably "I" beneath it, the letters on this face being quite indi- 
stinct. 

Milestone II is a red sandstone post similar to I, the number " 2 " 
being upon each of the north and south sides of the stone. It stood 
firmly in place in open woods near a swamp, about twenty-seven feet 
south of a fence. It leaned i>liglitly toward the south and west. 

Milestone III is a red sandstone post similar to I and II, stands in 
an open triangular field belonging to James Bartow, about thirty 
feet south of the line fence, and one hundred and twenty feet north 
of Andre avenue. It leaned quite materially toward the east and 
slightly toward the south. 

Milestone IV is a red sandstone post similar to I. It stands in a 
corniield at some distance from a fence. It stood loosely, supported 
by lai'ge stones, which had evidently been annually disturbed by 
plowing. It leaned slightly toward the south and east. 

Milestone Y is a red sandstone post similar to I. It is in woods, 
mostly saplings, partly cleared, on the w^est side of a shallow i-avine, 
and about a hundred feet west of a clearing. It stood firmly and 
leaned slightly. 

Milestone VI is a red sandstone post similar to I. It is upon a 
steep easterly slope in open woods, and leaned considerably toward 
the east and somewhat north. 

Milestone VII is a red sandstone post similar to I, and is in a cul- 
tivated field at some distance from a fence. It stood quite firmly, 
but leaned somewhat to the north-east. The field belongs to Mr. 
J. Horn, whose grandfather owned it at the time the stone was set 
in 1774. Mr. Horn stated that at one time, many years ago, the 
stone had fallen down and his father and himself had reset it in place. 

Milestone VIII is a red sandstone post similar to I, and stands in 
an open cultivated field at some distance from a fence. The land 
slopes toward the north and the monument leans somewhat toward 
the north and east, having been crowded over by the constant turn- 
ing of the earth toward it in plowing along the upper side. 

Milestone IX is a red sandstone post similar to I. It is in an open 
field at some distance from the fences. It stood firmly and leaned 
considerably toward the north. 

Milestone X is a red sandstone post similar to I. It is in an open 
meadow, upon nearly level ground, at some distance from the fences. 
It was found standing firmly in the ground, nearly erect. In 187-i 
Professor Bowser found this stone lying down. It Avas reset soon 
afterward in its original place by the owner of the ground, who said 
that it had but recently fallen down. 

* The terras east and west and north and south are in the memoranda used 
relatively and will be understood to mean in the direction of and at right angled 
with the boundary. 



30 [Senate 

Milestone XI is a red sandstone post similar to L It is in a small 
grove of red cedars, surrounded by boulders. It stood firmly and 
nearly erect. It is in a better state of preservation than otliers of 
the sandstone monuments. 

Milestone XII is a red sandstone post similar to I. It is in the 
north-easterly corner of a piece of woods about thirty feet from the 
fence. It stood fii-mly and ei'ect. The upper part of the south face 
liad been broken off. 

Milestone XIII is a red sandstone post similar to I, and stands in 
a cultivated field at some distance from the fences. It leaned con- 
siderably toward the south. 

Milestone XIY is a red sandstone post similar to I, standing firmly 
upright in woods at the corner of the farms of W. W. Way and 
David Fox. This is the first milestone which stands in a farm line. 

Milestone XY was a red sandstone post similar to I. The upper 
portion, apparently broken off at the surface of the ground, was 
found lying beside a fence at some distance from its original posi- 
tion, which is in a cultivated field upon the Ramapo Flats. All ves- 
tiges of its place have been obliterated. The stone was set beside 
the new monument in line between XIY and XYI. 

Milestone XYI is a rough, irregular block of gneiss, and stood 
firmly in woods npon the easterly side of the Ramapo mountains. 
It leaned slightly to the north and somewhat to the east. The rude 
inscription on the south side could be deciphered, but that upon the 
north side was almost entirely obscure by lichens. 

Milestone XYII is in woods on the westerly side of a rocky hol- 
low in the Ramapo mountains. It is a quite irregular block of red 
sandstone, askew with the line, standing quite firmly, although not 
set in the ground, being blocked up with rocks. It is rudely inscribed 
and is quite gray with lichens. 

Milestone XYIII is red sandstone, a small, irregular, round-topped 
stone, standing firmly fixed in the ground, from which it projected 
about five inches, leaning considerably to the south. It is in a clear- 
ing near a passage-way between fields, and has been frequently run 
over and the top worn down. From the original record, it seems to 
have been set in a clearing, which was occupied by the ancestor of 
the colored family which still occupies it. 

Milestone XIX is an irregular block of gneiss, not dressed. It 
stood npon the surface of thegroundsecurely blocked up with stones, 
leaning considerably toward the south, in the woods on the east 
side of the rocky summit of the ridge between Negro and Shepard's 
ponds. 

Milestone XX is a gneiss block, and was found standing erect be- 
side a line fence, in a very spongy, wet meadow. 

Milestone XXI is a well-shaped, triangular block of gneiss rock, 
which stood leaning nearly forty degrees to the south, in M'oods, 
beside a road on the west side of the summit of the mountain west 
of Ringwood valley. 

Milestone XXII is an anomal3^ It is the only one npon wliicli 
no inscription is found. About one mile west of XXI and about a 



No. 46.] 31 

Imndred feet north of a line between tin's and XXIII, npon the 
steep side of a rocky liill which projects from the east slope of Black 
Kock mountain, very finnly supported bj large stones and leaning 
somewhat toward the east, stands a stone of quite regular shape, 
about two and one-half feet high, one foot thick, and one and one- 
half feet wide, with no inscription. The original record of 1774, 
referring to this, states : " Put a large stone on the S. E. side of a 
very rocky hill, the stone being so hard, it could not be well cut." 
Tl)is is the only instance in the original record whei'e this detailed de- 
scription is given, and as a number of the milestones in either direc- 
tion are not dressed, the inference is that the letters " could not be 
■well cut." The description of its position in the old record agrees 
well with the position of the monument found. In the survey of 
several miles of the boundary made by H. L. Southard in 1859, 
this monument is noted as the twenty-second milestone, and al- 
though in 1874 Professor Bowser was inclined to doubt its identity, 
after careful consideration and comparison with the memorandum 
in the original record we are satisfied that this was the original 
milestone. 

Milestone XXIII is a small rhomboidal slab of gneiss rock about 
one foot long, three-fourths of a foot wide and one-fourth of a foot 
thick. It stood upon the side of a slight elevation in the edge of a 
bushy swamp, in the valley east of Beech mountain. It was sup- 
ported by a large heap of stones. 

Milestone XXIV is an irregular slab of grit rock full of seams. 
The upper part of the north side was long since broken off, only the 
letters "rk" remaining. It stood nearly upright, supported by 
stones, beside a rough road-bed in the thick woods, at the foot of a 
steep slope west of Beech mountain. 

Milestone XXY is of grit rock, irregular in shape. By reference 
to the record of 1774, which locates it "at the north end of a 
little swamp and to the S. W. of a rocky hill," it was readily 
found. The swamp is formed in a depression of the rock, in a 
divide in the ridge between Jennings Creek valley and Greenwood 
lake. The swamp was full of water, and the milestone stood nearly 
upright in a bed of stones in the soft, yielding substance. (Not 
found in 1874.) 

Milestone XXYI was not found. The record of 1774 places it 
" about 50 Iks from the pond " (Grreenwood lake). The shore of 
the lake at this point is quite flat and shelving, occasioned by the 
debris from two brooks which flow from the mountain, and as the 
lake has been raised several feet for reservoir purposes, the mile- 
stone is without doubt under water, if it has not been washed out. 
A thick slab of rock about five feet square, lying upon the beach of 
the lake, has always been recognized as the " State line rock," and 
its center was accepted as the line by us. 

Milestone XXVII is a large, irregular slab of sandstone about 
two-tenths of a foot thick, and stood firmly, leaning a little to the 
south. The record of 1774 places it " in rocky land on the west- 



32 [Senate 

erly side of a great swamp." Eongli mountain, west of Green- 
wood lake, is composed of a series of rocky ridges, formed by the 
projection of the ahnost vertical strata of trap rock above the hol- 
lows worn out of tlie intermediate softer rocks. In a wide depres- 
sion west of tlie summit is a very soft and wet swamp, thickly 
grown with alders. On the west side of this is a narrow dyke of 
trap on which was found the milestone, considerably further south 
than it had ever been looked for before. The mountain top around 
it is wild, and has frequently been burnt over. 

Milestone XXVIII was found standing loosely beside an old 
white oak stump, in woods, on a steep, southerly slope of the south 
end of a ridge west of Long-House creek. From two ditferent 
sources we learned the following in relation to the milestone : An 
old local surveyor, while making a survey in the vicinity some fif- 
teen years since, was unable to find this stone which he had seen 
eighteen years previously standing beside a white oak tree. Search- 
ing up and down a brush fence near by he found it partly buried, 
took it and placed it beside the stump, which he identified as that 
of the tree by which it had formerly stood. It is an irregular piece 
of sandstone about one-quarter of a foot thick, with a large notch 
broken out of the east side of the top. 

Milestone XXIX is an irregular stone of gray grit rock, standing 
rather loosely upon a very steep, westerly slope in a cultivated field, 
at some distance from any fence. It has been subjected to the dis- 
turbance of frequent cultivation, but the owner of the land states 
that it has never been otherwise disturbed. 

Milestone XXX seems to have been entirely lost sight of by 
everybody. The record of 1774 places it in a "rocky hollow, 
about 80 links westward of a road." It was found very readily 
on reference to this record. It is in a rather obscure place, and the 
road has been long since abandoned. It is a rough sandstone, with 
a notch broken out of the west u])per corner. It stood firmly, lean- 
ing to the north and east. 

Milestone XXXI was not found. Its position is in a cultivated 
field, and it was plowed up and carried away before the survey of 
1874. 

Milestone XXXII is a red sandstone post very similar to I, very 
clearly carved, standing upright and firm in an open corn-field, about 
six feet from the fence. 

Milestone XXXIII is a similar red sandstone post. It was found 
upon the south side of a stone wall, standing upon the surface of 
the ground, leaning considerably toward the west, supported by stones. 
It is near the foot of a high ledge of rocks which faces eastward. 

Milestone XXXIV could not be found. The record of 1774 
places it upon the " east edge of a small swamp." The swamp is 
there, cleared and open, with no fence upon the line ; numbers of 
fragments of rocks are scattered about on it, but none which could 
be identified. A largo oak tree, marked for lines, stands on the east 
side of a road, about nine hundred and forty feet east, and has been 
Irecognized for years as a State line tree. The boundary here, in 



No. 46.] 33 

short sections for some distance, is a property line, and, therefore, 
this tree was assumed as the line in fixing the position of the monn- 
raciits. 

Milestone XXXT was found standing at right angles with the line 
upon the north bank of a ditch, leaning about forty -five degrees 
toward the south; upon soft, deep muck, very unstable, on west 
side of the Pochuck fiats. It is possible that the milestone had at 
some time been moved to the north to make room for the ditch, but 
there appeared to be no evidence of the fact that it had been disturbed, 
except the circumstance of its relative position crosswise. It is a 
very large slab of grit rock, and is the first one found with the short 
" s " used in spelling Jersey, the long "/*" having been used upon 
the others. 

Milestone XXXVI was not found in place. A piece of it was 
recently discovered in a dooryard walk of an old house, which has 
always been considered as in New York. A straight line between 
XXXV and XXXYII would place nearly all of this house and a 
considerable strip of land, which has always been deeded in New 
York, upon the south side. It was, therefore, considered unadvis- 
able to adjust the position by this method. By the evidence of an 
old lady and an old gentleman living near, who had seen the mile- 
stone before it was broken down, its position was approximately 
fixed, although quite considerably out of line. By reference to the 
record of 1774, it will be seen that this anomalous crook must have 
been made in the line originally, the offset to the milestone from the 
random line being longer than that next east and nearly double the 
length of the next offset west (at XXXYIIIj. This milestone was 
of limestone. 

Milestone XXXYII, according to the record of 1774, was" stand- 
ing in a little hollow on Pochunk mountain, about 20. Ely of a 
little swamp," A search was made for this stone on the easterly 
side of a narrow swamp or stagnant pool, but it was found at the 
north end of the swamp, so much further north than it seemed, ac- 
cording to the old record to belong, as to create the im])ression that 
it had been moved. It is a smooth and rather regular slab of gray- 
ish grit-rock, and was standing loosely in the ground, reversed, sup- 
ported by its original base, which stood firmly fixed, but considerably 
askew, the upper part of the stone having been broken off. 

Milestone XXXYIII, according to the record of 1771, was a 
" stone about six feet long standiilg about six rods S. W^ of a 
point of upland on the easterly side of the drownded lands." 
At a spot upon soft ground answering to this description of this lo- 
cation, about two feet of the upper portion of this stone was found 
lying down, having been placed under the corner of a rail fence as 
a support, a number of stones lying about. Upon probing the 
mucky soil, the remainder of the stone was found lying buried. It 
had apparently been broken into several pieces and had also split 
into scales. This was accepted as the original position of the stone. 

Milestone XXXIX is a thin shaly slab of grit-rock, standing 
[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 5 



34 [Senate 

nearly npriglit and firm, in an opening left for it in a stone wall, 
about a Inmdred feet from the west edge of the drowned lands of 
the Wallkill . 

Milestone XL is a very large, tolerably regular, thin slab of grit- 
rock, standing firm and nearly upright in an orchard about thirty 
feet south of a road. 

Milestone XLI could not be found. Its position is in a meadow, 
between two roads, south-west of the village of Union ville. It has 
been plowed up and removed to a fence some distance from its place, 
when seen by Professor Bowser in 1874, but it has since disaj^peared 
entirely. 

Milestone XLII is a rough slab of slate-rock, tolerably regular in 
form. It was standing loosely in the ground besides a large tree in 
the line fence, in the steep easterly slope of a narrow i-idge. Pro- 
fessor Bowser, in 1874, found it here leaning against the fence, and 
it had been moved south a few feet since he saw it in 1872. As the 
fence, beside which it stands, is quite old, and is understood to be 
upon the State land and a property line, it is probable that it is very 
nearly in its place. One of the adjacent owners says it has been 
where found for over thirty years. 

Milestone XLIII is a very rough, irregular piece of slate-rock. 
The record of 1774 states that it was set " in low timber land & 
stoney." This point is upon level ground, somewhat wet and quite 
stony, but meadow on the north side, and bush pasture on the south 
side of the line, which is here occupied by a high and substantial 
stone wall. After a diligent search along this wall when the point 
was first reached, the hope of finding the monument was given up. 
Two miles further west we met a gentleinan from Port Jervis who 
told us that the milestone was built into tlie wall, and that Mr. J. M. 
1 orgersen, who was born in a house which once stood in the field 
north of the milestone, was present when the wall was built and 
could find the stone. He was sought out and taken to the spot, and 
after a very short search through the crevices of the wall, found the 
stone. Upon tearing down the wall, the milestone was found, stand- 
ing firm, leaning toward the north 

Milestone XLIV is a large rough slab of slate-rock standing 
nearly erect, beside a low rail fence, in wet ground. The land 
about it is cleared. 

Milestone XLV is of slate-rock, irregular in form and quite 
curved in section. It stood firmly fixed, leaning slightly to the 
south, in a cultivated field, at the south-west corner of a piece of 
woods. 

Milestone XLVI is an irregular piece of grit-rock, very plainly 
inscribed. It was found upon the west side of the east summit of 
Blue mountain, standing firm and nearly upright, in a large, deso- 
late tract of rocks and scrubby bushes, over which fires frequently 
run. 

Milestone XLVII Avas not found. Its place is upon a bench on 
the westerly slope of Blue mountain, which, at that point, had been 



No. 46.] 35 

cleared and cultivated, but has grown np thickly with bushes and 
saplings. 

Milestone XLYIII was found upon the west edge of a narrow 
plateau of rock upon the sninmit of a ridge between the valley of 
WestfalTs mill brook and tlie Delaware river bottom. It is a very 
irregular piece of grit-rock, and was found lying loosel}' upon its 
east edge under the line fence, surrounded by stones which had evi- 
dently been placed there to support it. According to the record of 
1774, this is the lirst milestone set, and the inscriptions show tlie 
hand of the tyro. 

The western end of the "straight " line, upon " Tri-States Rock," 
is marked by a piece of copper pipe tilled with lead, let into the 
rock, which is at the extremity of a ledge of limestone forming the 
point between the Navesink and Delaware rivers. The rock itself 
is a large irregular block projecting into the water some four feet 
beyond the mark, and its surface is above two feet above low-water 
mark. Its surface shows the abrading action of ice. 

From the above memoranda it will be seen that of the monn- 
ments, originally placed to mark this boundary, including the two 
terminal monuments, there were found apparently or positively in 
place : 

Terminal monuments 

Milestones 41 

43 

Milestones found but places obliterated 2 

Milestones not found 5 



Total 50 



The Original Survey. 

Three or four years since, while searching in the State Engineer's 
office, at Albany, for data relating to lands along the boundary line 
between New York and Pennsylvania, Major Clarke discovered a 
field-book catalogued "Field Notes of Survey of Jersey Line," 
which, upon examination, proved to be the notes of the survey upon 
which the report of the Commissioners, dated 30th November, 1774, 
was based. Following the field-notes is a record of the milestones 
in detail. The latter appears to be incomplete, there being no record 
of milestones east of XIY. As this record has been frequently 
referred to in our report, a copy of this field-book is appended." 
These notes seem to have been made by but one of the surveyors. 

A careful study of these old notes will throw a great deal of light 
upon the causes of the extreme eccentricities of the boundarj', as 
developed by a careful survey. 

The survey was made with a compass, and consisted of a random 
line, starting from a heap of stones upon the Palisades, which had 

*See page 41. 



36 [Senate 

been placed by the surveyor in 1770, and runninc^ west upon an 
assumed beariug. In the mountainous iron region local attraction 
was necessarily encountered, and in the section west of Greenwood 
lake, upon the asumption that for several miles the bearing was 
carrying them too far toward the left, at the XXXV mile point an 
abrupt offset of thirty-four chains was made to the north, in order to 
get into the probable prolongation of the random line upon which they 
had run more than half the distance between the rivers. From the 
north end of this offset the survey was continued west upon the 
bearing first assumed. 

The boundary proper was fixed upon the return trip by computed 
offsets measured from their random compass line, and the monu- 
ments were set without any apparent attempt at verification of the 
accuracy of the survey. 

The position of the compass random of 1774: is shown upon the 
accompanying sketch, fixed by measuring the offset given in the 
record from the milestones as found upon the ground. The record 
does not give the length of all the offsets, but in the region of local 
attraction all the offsets are noted, and from an inspection of the 
sketch in the section between milestones XXVII and XXXV, it 
seems quite evident that the uncertainty of the compass needle cre- 
ated a panic in the minds of the surveyors, causing them in com- 
puting their offsets to allow for an error which they had not made, 
or if made at all, covered but a short distance instead of the seven 
and one-half miles over which it was assumed to extend. 

The result of this correction for an imaginary error is seen in the 
abrupt bends in the boundary west of milestone XXVII. 

Had the compass random line been continued westward without 
the attempted correction at XXXV, and the offsets to fix the monu- 
ment points been computed proportionately throughout, the result- 
ant line would have shown very much less crookedness ; and instead 
of being in the center, nearly half a mile south of a straight line 
joining the extremities, it would have varied less than one-sixth of 
a mile (about 835 feet at XXIV and 827 feet at XXVI). 

The New Monuments. 

The monuments used to mark more permanently this boundary 
are of reddish-gray granite, and are fully described in our prelimin- 
ary report of July, 18S1. A brief description is here given, how- 
ever. 

They are of three classes — milestones, railroad monuments and 
highway monuments. 

The milestones are four feet long and six inches square. The 
sides of the upper portion of the monument, six inches in depth and 
to]i, are smoothly dressed square, the remainder of the monument 
being left rough ; the top has cut upon it, across the center, two 
quarter-inch grooves at right angles with each other and parallel 
with the sides. Upon the north side or face are cut the letters 



No. 46.] 37 

N. Y. ; upon the sontli side, N. J. ; and upon the east side the num- 
ber of miles from the river. 

The raih'oad monuments are similar to -the milestones, with the 
exception of the number of miles, which is omitted, the east face be- 
ing left plain. 

The highway monuments, intended to be more prominent, are of 
larger size. The block of granite is four and a half feet long, 
twelve inches wide and six inches thiciv. The sides to the upper 
end to a depth of twelve inches, and the top, are smoothly dressed. 
At right angles across the center of the top, and parallel with the 
edges, are cut two qnarter-inch grooves. Upon one of the broad 
dressed faces are cut the letters N. Y. and u}X)n the other N. J. 

The monuments were contracted for in January last by Major 
Clarke, and were furnished by Mr. John Beattie from his quarries at 
Leete's island. Conn., at prices delivered upon cars at the quarry, 
$2.05 for the smaller size, and $3.50 for the highway monuments. 
They M'ere shipped and delivered upon the line during the progrets 
of the survey. 

Before leaving each section of the boundary in prosecuting the 
survey, range stakes were driven in the direction of the boundarj'- 
on each side of each milestone to preserve the position of its center 
line, aa adjusted, and to facilitate the setting of the new monuments. 
Kange stakes were also driven in line between the milestone on each 
side of each highway and railroad, and the position of the monu- 
ments at those points decided upon. Upoia each stake the line was 
marked with a nail. 

Detailed memoranda of tliese stakes for the purpose of future 
identification were kept by Mr. Sproul. 

SErriNG THE Monuments. 

Upon completion of the survey, June 14, the surveying party was 
disbanded. On June 24:, a new party was organized consisting of 
Cyrus W. F. Sproul, John Gray, Jolm O'Rourke and John Reilley. 

The new party, with a suitable horse and wagon for the trans- 
portation of the tools and baggage, proceeded to Tappantown, on 
26th June, and under the direct supervision of Professor Bowser, 
commenced setting the monuments. 

The manner of setting is briefly as follows : 

The position of the monument being assured by drawing a cord 
between the range stakes, a suitable hole was excavated to a depth 
of four feet, except in occasional instances when the solidity of the 
rock encountered rendered it unadvisable to go to the full deptii. 
In the bottom of the hole, embedded in four or live inches of foreign 
material, was placed a circular disc of glazed stoneware, six inches in 
diameter and one inch thick, with a quarter-inch hole in the center. 
The disc was placed so that the hole would be vertically beneath the 
center of the top of the monument. 

The bedding of the disc was covered with a flat stone, upon which 
VA'as placed the monument, which was carefully adjusted to its posi- 



38 [Senate 

tion between tlie range stakes, and tlie hole compactly filled about 
it with earth and stones. In the case of several of the more exposed 
milestones, they were tilled about with hydraulic cement mortar and 
broken stone. 

The monuments, after setting, present above the surface, in the 
case of milestones and railroad monuments, a dressed cube of six 
inches. The highway monuments present to the north and south, 
faces of twelve inches square, the longer groove upon the top indi- 
cating the direction of the boundary. 

When the original milestone was still standing, it was straightened 
up and Slink deeper in its place, and carefully wedged around with 
stones. The new milestone was set on the east side, contiguous to 
the old one and in line therewith, and secured by packing broken 
stone in the excavation around it. In the cases of those milestones 
where the original had been lost, the new monuments were placed 
as follows : 

XV, one mile west from XIY, and in line between that and XVI. 

XXVI upon the west bank of Greenwood lake opposite the center 
of a large flat rock known as " State Line rock." 

XXXI one "uile west from XXX, and in line between that and 
XXXII. 

XXXIV one mile west from XXXIII, and in a line from that 
milestone drawn west through a large "line tree" standing beside 
the road nine hundred and forty feet east of XXXIV. 

XXXVI one mile west from XXXV, and at the approximate 
position of the original milestone as indicated by old residents. 

XLI one mile west from XL, and in line between that and XLII. 

XLVII one mile west from XLVI, and in line between that and 

XLVin. 

A small monument of the railroad class was set upon the left bank 
of the Navesink river, opposite Tri-States rock. 

A complete and careful record of each monument, with suflicient 
data for ready identification, was kept, and these records have been 
compiled in a book for filing in the proper otfices, with the maps of 
the line which are in course of preparation. 

The number of monuments set is as follows : 

Milestones 48 

Railroad monuments 7 

Highway monuments 60 

Small monument (left bank Navesink) 1 

116 



Of these, seven were set during the early progress of the survey 
under the supervision of Major Clarke. The task of setting the re- 
mainder was completed August 11, and the party discharged. 

A detailed topographical map of the boundary is in course of 
preparation, duplicate copies of which, with the record of menu- 



No. 46.] 39 

nieuts, are to be filed with tlie proper State officers at Albany and 
Trenton. 

We wonld recommend that transcripts from the map, and extracts 
from the record of monuments, be also tiled in the otiices of the 
county clerk of each county lying upon the boundary in each State ; 
such transcript and extract from the record not necessarily exhibit- 
ing more of the boundary than is adjacent to the county to which it 
relates. 

We further recommend that these monuments be, by act of both 
Legislatures, placed under the official inspection, supervision, and 
care of tlie highway officers of the various towns, upon whose borders 
they stand, with suitable regulations and penalties. 
E. A. BOWSER, Ciml Engineer, ■ 

Surveyor on the part of New Jersey. 
H. W. CLARKE, Ciml Engineer, 

Surveyor on the part of Ne\o York. 
Decemler 1, 1SS2. 



42 [Senate, No. 46.] 

TABLE — {Coniimied). 



STATION. 


Distance. 


Offsets 
between 
randoms. 


Deflection angle 
right or left. 

+ — 


Offset to 
monument. 


Magnetic 
bearings. 




( 16324.5 

) 0.0 

4763.5 

( 7287.8 

1 0.0 

2613.6 

7841. 

(12640.1 

1 00 

405.8 

5664.3 

102.50 2 

15447.5 

20694.9 

25977 2 

( 30260.8 

\ 0.0 

763.8 

(5924.9 

( 0.0 

5232.8 

(9232 1 

\ 0.0 

1326.4 

6606.4 

(11923.4 

1 0.0 

5356. 

10636. 

( 15987.6 

1 00 

( 3205.5 

1 0.0 

2074.5 

J 7222.2 

1 0.0 

5247.5 

10526 3 

15756.2 

(20063.3 

1 0.0 

972 9 

6234.9 

11.504 9 

16809. 

22110.7 

27344. 

32624 

37763.7 

40276.6 


-44. 

-ik"i 

+ 170.02 

+ i25.42 
+ 256!i 
+ 452.5 

-252^25 

-i96!88 

— i69!75 


+301 lie 
— ioa'.ia 


— 6°"29''23''"i 
" -1°'C8' 03" '.i 












XVIII... 


- 98. 


53° 54' 




"— '28'83 
+ 31.43 








XIX 




XX 




Offset North 


+1° 38' 43" .3 


"-"27;i3 

+ 99.27 
+ 20.1 
- 3.09 
+ 9.03 
+ 39.22 




XXI 

XXII. . . 




XXIII 

XXIV. . 


' ■ ■ 54° 66' 


XXV 






XXVI. .. 


■■+6°25''4i''';i 








Offset North 






XXVII 


+ 1.93 
+219 81 

"+m.i 




XXVIII 






Offset North 

XXIX 


+2° 25' 00" .7 




Offset North 


+ 1°54'35". 




XXX.. 


+ 11.61 
-124.28 





XXXI 






XXXII 


■'— 2°'05''28''".5 


5i°o(y 


Offset South 

XXXIII .. 
XXXIV 


— 8.88 

— 15.82 

— 47.66 
-189.45 






XXXV.... 

Offset South 

Offset South 


"-i°08''63''".7 
"— 0°'28''4i"'!7 

"+6°'29''i4'''!2 
' --0°18'ii'''!3 









■ ■ ■+ "25; ■ ■ 

■■-'72.64 

- 6.21 

- 3.32 

- 51.07 




XXXVI 




XXXVII.. 

Offset North 

XXXVIII. 
XXXIX.... 
XL 










Offset South 


■■— ■ir.9 

— 18.85 

— 36.34 

— 44.14 

— 23.86 

— 17.72 

— 11.76 

— 11.62 




XLI 

XLII 

XLIII 

XLIV 










XLV 




51° 00' 


XLVI. . 

XLVIl 

XLVllI 












Tri-States Rock. . 


-0» 23' 08" .5 





The dofiectioii ungle given at Station Rock is the compnted angle 
between a straight line between the extremities of the boundary 
and the tirst random line. That given at Tri-States Eock is the 
computed angle between the same line and the tinal random line. 




a: 
u 
> 



o 

CO 
Q 

Z3 
X 



VIII 



^ YORK. 

' Surveyors. 



OF NEW YORK. 




Fold-out 
Placeholder 



This fold-out is being digitized, and will be inser 

future date. 



APPENDIX 4. 

FIELD NOTES OF THE SURVEY OF THE BOUNDARY 

LINE BETWEEN THE STATES OF NEW YORK 

AND NEW JERSEY IN 1774. 



Tluirsday October 20'^ 1774 1 Left home & got to Tappan. 



2ist 

Begun as near as we Could to where we formerly Set a 
Stake & heap of stones for the first Mile from the Station 
Rock on the North side of Geesner field when we for- 
merly Run the Lme in 1770 — & took a Range nearly S 
54 E. but we fell 1 Oh. 83 Lks. South of a Stake & heap 
of Stones we formerly set on the Toj) of the Bank on a 
Course N. 54'' 35' W. from the Rock by the River. 



22"" 

Begun at the Same Place we did Yesterday and ofset L 
N" 1 Ch. 83 Lks. & Ranged S 54= E. but we fell 60 Lks. 
S" of Said heap of Stones on the top of the Bank being 
68 Ch. 47 Lks. from where we Begun our Range. 

Returned to the end of 6S Ch. 47 Lks. & Contmued 
1 Mile I our Range N. 54'' 15' W. at 11 Ch. 53 Lks. more bemg 

\ one Mile from the Stake & the Stones on top of the Bank , 

Set a Stake & heap of Stones about it on the North side 
Geesners field & put one Natch m the Stake, 
o r-vo 1 At 80 Chains Ended in Tappan Timber Swamp Set a 
) Sassafrax Stake marked with two Natches Close by a small 

black Birch Sapling marked N° II • - 

At 36 Ch. 75 Lks. Crossed Sparr Kill- T>° at 67 Ch. 
Crossed Tappan Road - S*^ of Cornelius Myrs House 
Stoped at 70 Ch. at Night. 
1774 

October 23'" 

Sunday 



■ ' 44 [Senate 

24'" Berlin at the End of tlie said 70 Cliains & Run 
Tlieiice the same Course N. 54° 15' W. 10 Chains to the 

3 Miles ) End of the Third Mile in Cornelius Myers field where we 
• ) Set a Hickorie Stake with Stones Round it marked with 

three JS'atches ; the Westerniost part of a Learge Stone 
or Rock Bearing S. 4'^ W. 1 Ch. 41 Links Distance. 
N. 54" 15' W. at 27 Ch. a road at 30 Ch. L S^' Blautields 
house at SO Chains Ended in Widdow Herrings Field 

4 D° ] Left a Button-wood Stake with Stones Round it marked 
with four Natches. 

N. 54° 15' W. at 37 Chains 50 Links a Road about 2 Ch^ 
S'' of a house at 80 Chains Set a Red Oack Stake with live 

5 D° [ Natches - 23 Lks. back of a red Oack Sapling marked on 
three Sides & one Natch over the blaze on the S. E. side. 
N, 54" 15' W. at 33 Ch. 20 Lks. Hackingsack river about 
90 Lks. wide at 61 Ch. 20 Lks. the middle of a Barrack of 

6 D" [ hay — at 01 Lks L N'' laeobus Perry's house ab' 2 Chain 
Distance at 80 Chains Left an Ash Stake marked w^ith 6 
Natches in M"" Perrys Woods 50 Lks. beyond a Hickorie 
tree Blaz'^ in the Line. 

1774. October 24^" 

N. 54° 15' W at 28 Ch. 85 Lies, the S W'^ Corner of 
Casparus Mabees Land & the N. W. Corner of Isaac 
Perry's Land being a Stake & heap of Stones 6 Feet N'^ 

7 Mile [ of our Line at 69 Cliams about 1 Chain S'^ of lohn Perry's 
j house at 80 Chains Set a Sassafrax Stake with Stones 

Round it marked with 7 Natches, one Rod from the 

"Woods & 40 Lks. East of the Line. 

N. 54" 15' W. at 10 Chains Stoped at Night & whent 

Back to Jacobus Perry's to Lodge. 

25"' D" 

At 30 Ch. a Mudy Brook - - - at 35 Ch. 30 Lks. between 
two white Rocks in Martins Steels New Land about 5 Ch. 
S. W. of his house at 73 Ch. 50 Lks. in Pascak Brook at 

8 Miles I 80 Chains set a hickorie Stake with stones about it marked 
j with Eight Natches^ Marked a Poplar or -white wood 

S*^ & a hickorie Sapling faceing S'' Stake ]0 Feet Dis- 
tance in a Timber Swamp. 

N. 54° 15- W. at 5 Ch. 60 Lks. a Road at 45 Ch. L N^' 
lohn Maybees house. — at 80 Ch. Marked a black Oack 

9 D° I Sapling with N° IX on the S. E'^ Side m thick Saplings 
f & ])ut Stones Round it ab' 2 Ch. Eastward of a Field. 

N. 54° 15r W. 80 Chains Ended m Field Set a Stake 

10 D° I marked with N° X & piled Stones about it about 8 Chains 
■ ) from lacob Acason's house being his field. 

1 774. Octo'"- 25"' 

N. 54° 15' W. at 23 Chains to a branch of Sadie River at 

11 Miles ] 75 Ch. 50 Lks. Sadie River — at 80 Chains left a poplar 
\ Stake marked with N° XI & heap of Stones about it — 



^o. 46.] 45 

N. 54° 15' W. at 40 Cli. Matoktemack Brook at 53 1 S'^ 
12 D'' ) Ilendrick Slielders house at (iO Cli. 50 Lks. a Brook — at 

80 Ch. set a Hickorie Stake with N^ XII & Stones Eonnd 

it ab' 4 Ch. Westwai-d of a Road Lodged at Peter Bushes 

^ Eastward of 12 Miles End. — 

26'" 
N. 54" 15' W. 80 Chains Set a Chestnut Stake N° XIl 
D" 13 ) M'ith Stones Round it in Woods ab' l of a Mile S^' of — 
\ N. 54° 15' VV. at 10 C. i- L N^' a house ab' 2 C. Dist across 

two Barracks at 36 Ch. a bog ab' 10 Ch. N'' of Coonrod 
14.D° [ Friscines at 80 Chains set an Ash Stake with N° XIV & 

j Stones Round it in Woods ab^ 3 Rods N. E^' of a Rock 

about ten feet higli 

N. 54- 15' W. at 43 Ch. 5 feet S"of the N. End of Pliihp 
Vors Barn at 39 Ch L N^' 1 Ch. 20 Lks. Pliilip Vors 

15 D^ ) house at 55 Ch. in haverstraw River at 76 C. the Post 

j Road — at 80 Cliains in Derrick one maker or chard being 

17 Lks. on Course N. 68 E. from the S. W. Corner 

apple Tree at a Stake N" X V^ 

]M. 54° 15' W, at 34 Ch. m Ramapo River — at SO Chains 

16 T>° ) marked a Spanish Oak tree with N" XVI amongst Xotori- 

f ous Rocks 

1774. October 26tli 

N 54''15' W. 

At 14 Ch. 15 Lks. on the Top of Mountains 

at SO Ch. marked a with oak Sapling with N* XVII put 

17 Miles I Stones on the Northwest Side of Said Sapling This 

\ mile Mountainous and Rocky Stoped at Sundown 

& Lodged at Buskirks. 
27^*^ 

Begun at the 17 miles End and Continued our Range N 

54° 15' W. at 44 Ch. Square N'' about 12 or 15 Ch. high a 

Steep Rocky Mountain - -- - at 60 Ch. in a Swamp at QS C. 

IS D° ) the W. Edge of S" Sw amp -- - at 80 Ch. Set up a Chest- 

) nut Stake with N" XVIII in Negro Guy's Improvement 

& put Stones Round it N E'^ of his house 
. 54^ 15' W, at 3 C. L S'^ about 2 Ch. Negro Guys house 

at 24 C. a Brook at 56 Ch. 50 Lks. the East edge of Van 

1 9 D" I dusens Pond at 68 Ch. 50 Lks. the West Edge of 

f said Pond at 70 C. L S'' ab^ 2 C. a house - - - at 80 C. 'Left 

a Beass wood Stake N" XIX with Stones round it amongst 

Eoeks near a foot path — 

K 54° 15 W. at 38 Cli, S^ of a Little house that is North 

of Shepherd's Pound — at 80 Ch. Set a Chesnut Stake 
20D°| &heap of Stones about it N* XX Stoped at Night & 

(i Lodged at Sluts having about 3 Miles to walk 

28'" 



46 [Senate 

At Sluts a Rainy Day 

Beojnn at tlie 20"' Miles End with Dennis Morris in 
Coinpy and Run tliencc N. 54° 15- VV, at 32 a Rnig- 
wood Road at 48 Cli. Ring-wood brook — about 00 Lks. 
wide— at SO C. sot a Red Oak stake marked with W XXI 
at the Top of a Mountain within 1 C. 50 Lks. of a puice 
Supposed to be dug for Iron oar — put Stones Kound 

the Stake 

1774. October 29'" 

N. 54" 15' W. at 40 Ch. L N. E" al)out 35 Ch. Nol)les 
Forge at 80 Ch, SetaChesnut Stake marked with N°XXII 

22 Mile ) on the North side of Rocks about 20 Ch. West of S'' Forge 
f being in View of part of y*^ Pond and several Plouses 

N. 54' 15 W. at 80 Ch. left a Chesnut Stake marked - 
with N" XXIII and Stones about it in Low Land about 

23 D° ) 20 Ch. N"' of M-" Beech's house 
• J October 30'" ) 

Lodged at M"^ Beech's last Night and begun at the above 
23 Miles End - Thence 

24 D° [ N. 54° 15' W. 80 Ch. set a Dog wood Sapling Stake 

marked with W XXIV and put stones around it in a 
Rocky Co an try 

25 D° ) N. 54° 15' W'. at Ch.a Brook about 20 Lks. wide at 80 
Chains Set a Chesnut Stake marked with X" XXV and 

Stones Round it in Sight of the Long Pond 

N. 54° 15' W. at 40 C. the East side of the Long pond 

Here crossed the Long & Lodged at Lyon's 

D° 31^' ) Found the Distance to bo across the Pond 36 Ch. 50 Lks. 

f by a plot which takes 3 C. 50 Lks. to make a Mile Avhei-e 

26 Miles | we set a Chesnut Stake marked with N" XVI* & left 
j stones about it 

1774 October 3P' 

N. 54° 15' W. at 28 Ch. 30 & 36 Lks. a brook that falls 

Downt he Mountain — at 63 Ch. on the top of Long pond 
27MiJes \ Mountain at 66 Ch. in a Swamp at 80 Ch. left a Birch 

Stake marked with N" XXVII and put Stones Round it 

m water. N. 54° 15' W. at 43 Ch. Long house Kill ab' 50 
28 Miles ) Lks. wide runnino: X. E'' at 80 Chain set a Ilickorie 

Stake marked with N" XXVIII on the Top of the Hill 

^here left off at night. 

2^1 Nov"' 1771 

We Lodged at Voorhouses and the Standfords last 

Night & this Morning Continued onr Range for 6 Miles 

aci'oss Long Swamp and found our Course wasN. GO'^W. 

then quit & whent Back to the Long house Kill to hud 

the Mistake Ot Lodged at M' Cambles 

["So in original, J 



No. 46.] 47 



At Yoorhonses & Standfords & tlieii went to tlie Long 
liouse Kill & Measured our Distance from the Line we 
foi-merly Run which was above IT Ch. Then Run back 
S 54° 15' E. Several Chains & took our Avhicli left our 
former Line Southerlj'- a Little at our 2b*'' Mile. 

Ord 
O 

Thence from our 28"' Mile's End Continued our Course 
29 D° ) ~ 23 Ch. a Little brook at 54 a Rocky Hill - - - at 80 

i Chains set a Chesnat Stake N" XXIX in a field & set 

Stones round it 

N. 54° 15' W. as we Suppose at 20 Ch. a Little Brook 

>0 D° ) between two Houses at 80 C. Set a Stake — marked with 
W XXX and Stones Round it — 
1774 Nov 3^'' 

at 6 Ch. a Brook — at 80 Ch. set a Chesnut Stake 

31 Miles ) X" XXXI in anew Cleared field near the S. AV'^ corner 
within ^ Chain 
Continued our Rang^e at 17 Cli : Double Kill at 80 Ch. 

32 Miles ) marked a white Oak'Stake X" XXXII 25 Lks. Back from 
■ ) the Mile's End the Mile being in the high Yf ay 

4th _Qo 



Continued our Course which proved to be 57° 30' "W. at 
17 Ch. Wawayander Kill at 80 C. Set a Sassafrax Stake 
33 D' [ X" XXXIII & stones Round it — 

j Continued our Course at 34 C. the East Edo:e of Long 

g^ ) Swamp at 8 Ch. Set a hickorie Stake N" XXXIV in 

) Woode8 Continued our Course at 36 C. Wawayanda 

Creek at 80 C. Set a Stake W XXXV in Den Deckers 

35 D" ) Field but as our Course was N 57° 30' W . we of set N. 30° 
■ j 43 E. 34 C. being Calculated for 7i Miles. 

Thence we whent to Deckers to Lodge 
1774. November 5'" 

Thence Begun at "the End of the 34 Ch. End & Run N. 

36 Miles 54° 15' W. at 80 Ch. set a Chesnut Stake N" XXXVI 

by a Little Hollow on the East side of Pochunck 
Mountain. 

37 D" ] N.54° 15' W. at 80 Ch. Set a Chesnut Stake N" XXXVII 
\ on the North side of a hollow in Pochunck Mountain 

N. 54° 15' W. at 80 Chains Set a Stake marked with 

38 D» ] i^" XXXVIII in the Drownded Lands near the East side 
f Lodged at S. Kings 

6"' D" 

Begun at the Stake at the End of 38 Mile but found our 

39 D" ) Compass Pointed on a Course N. 57° 30' W. but Run N. 
f 54 15' W. at 49 C. an Hand at 69 C. 30 Lks. the Wallkill 

at 80 C. Set a Stake marked with N° XXXIX in the 
AVestcrly side of the Drownded Lands 
N. 54° 15' W. at 34C.^the Road -at 80 C marked a white 
Oak Stake with N' XL in thick Brush & woods 



48 [Senate 

40 D" ] K 54° 15' W. at 5 Cli. L S''- about 8"a Kimber's lionse at 
23 C. Kimber's Brook stoped at 45 C. & went to Meekers 



to Lodge 



'rth 



Begun at the Place we left off Last Niglit at 80 Ch. Set a 

41 D' ) Stake in a wheat Field Marked with N" XLI ab' 4 Ch. S<^ 
\ of Clarks house & Road 

42 D" I N. 54° 15' W. at 80 C. Set a Stake marked with No. XLII 
) on the Top of a high hill & Stones 

1774 Nov"> 7^'' I 

N. 54^ 15' W. at 35 C. Wood Chuck Brook— at 80 

43 Miles I Chains set a Sassifrax stake with N" XLIII in a Low 
\ Timber Swamp 

N. 54° 15' W. at 19 Ch. 50 Lks. Lamas hook Brook —at 

44 D" \ 80 C. Set a Maple Stake marked with N" XLIV and 
■ ) Stones Kound it 

N. 54° 15' W. At 30 Ch. the LindakiUilu — at 70 Ch. 
Stoped at Night & Lodged at Abraham Middaghs 

gth J)0 



45 D" ) Begun at 70 Ch. End of 80 Chains Set a Stake marked 
( with N" XLV and Stones Eouud it 

46 D" [ N. 54° 15' W. at 80 Chains set a Chesnut Stake marked 
j with X" XLVl on the Top of Miniscink Mountains 

47 D" [ X. 54° 15' W. at 80 Ch. set a Stake marked with X' 
( XLVII in a Little hollow 

48 D" ) X. 54° 15' W. at 70 Ch.. Westfalls Mill Brook — at 80 C. 
Set a Stake being black Oak marked with X" XLVIII 
X. 54" 15' W. at 28 Ch. Ended 1 Ch. of Mahaghameek 

Stoped & Lodged at Simion Westf all's 

9th J)0 



Begun at the 28 Ch. End & Run 
S. 35° 45' W. 14 Chains 
X. 54. 15' W. 6 D" 
X. 35. 45' E. 56 Lks. 
X. 54. 15' W. 4 C. to the Station point 
1774 X""^^ 11''' 

Begun at the 48 Miles End Thence S. 35° 16' W. offsett 
13 Ch. 11 Lks. to a Stone Lettered on the Xorth west 
side with Xew York and 



48'" Mile 

47"' D" ) 

( 

46*" D" ) 



X" 48- 



at 47 Mile 

at 46 D" on Minisinck Mountain near the Top 




No. 46.] 49 

No-" 12"^ I 

at 45 Mile Set a Stone on the S. E'^ Side of Minisinck 
near the foot to tlie South Side of a Little Field about 8 
10 Ch. S'' of a house one Middagh 

at 44 Mile Set a Stone in Low Ground or Timber Swamp 
at 43 Mile Set a Stone in Low Timber Land & Stoney 

at 42 Mile Set a Stone on the S. E'^ Side of a high hill 

At 41 Set a Stone on the N. E'^ Side of a Small hill & 
Road about 14 C. S. W'' of Clark's house 
At 40 of set S. 35° 15' W. 9 Ch. 40 Lks. in Kimber's field 
40'^ D" I ifc Set a Large Stone N. Y. & N. J. and Put Stones 

) Round it 

1774. 

At 39 Mile offset S. 35° 15' W. 8 Ch 93 Lks. through 

( Swany along the Edge of the Drownded Lands and set 

39"' Mile < the Mile Stone about 1 Ch. 50 Lks. on the upland in thick 

( Yong Timber 

Nov' 14*" 

Begun at the 38"' Mile— thence S. 35° 15' W. 8 C. 46 
i Lks. to a Stone about 6 Feet Long Standing about Six 
38*'' D" -J Rods S. W^ of a point of upland on the Easterly Side of 
the Drownded Lands 

Offset from y' 37*'* Mile's End S 35° 15' W. to where 
we Set the 37*'' Mile Stone Standing in a Little hollow on 
Pochunk Mountain about 2 C. E'^ of a little Swamp 
Nov' 15*'' 

Offset from the 36"' Miles End S 35° 15' W. 16 C. 54 

( Lks. and set the Mile Stone on Pochunk Mountain on the 

36*" B" j S. E' y Side of the Top about 20 Ch.& Mark'd Several Trees 

( faceing it 

at 35 "Mile made an Ofset S. 35° 15' W. 16 C. 7 Lks. 

35*'' ■< where we placed the 35*'' mile Stone in Pochunk Drown- 

( ded Lands * 

34*" D" 1 at 34 Miles ofset N. 26*" 15' E. 13 C. to where we sett 

( the Stone on the East Edge of a small Swamp 

( ofset N. 26. 15. E. 9 Ch. 81 Lks. where set the 33" Mile 
33*^ -l Stone at the foot of Lime Stone Rocks about 12 C. N. 

/ W. of Willett DeKey's house 
1774 

Ofset N. 26° 15' E. 5 Ch. 85 Lks. to the Northe Side 
32 Mile ] of M' Gamble's Orchard 5 Ch. 75 Links North of the 

— ■ f Road 

November 16*** a Rainy day. ... 
November 17"' 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 7 



50 [Senate 

Offset from the 31"* Mile N. 26° 15' E. 1 Ch. 72 Links 

and set up a Stone in the West Edge of a New Cleared 

Field 

At 30 Miles offset 2 Ch. 33 Lks. *fe set up a Stone in a 

Kocky Hollow about 80 Links Westward of a Road 

Off-Set 6 Ch. 38 Lks. Set a Stone on a hill in a Field 

Off-Set 10 Ch. 45 Lks. and Set a Stone on the S. W. Side 
of a Hill about 10 Ch. N. E'^ of one Browns house 
Off -Set S. 35° 15' W. 12 Ch. 24 Lks. and Set a Stone in 
Rocky Land on the Westerly Side of a Great Swamp 
Off-S. 35° 15 W. 11 Ch. 77 Lks. which would go in the 
Long Pond but we Set a Stone about 50 Lks. from the 
Pond being 26 Miles & 1 Ch. on the West Side thereof. 
Off-Set S, 35° 15' W. 11 Cli. 28 Lks. & Set the Stone at 
the North End of a Little Swamp & to the S. W. of a 
Rocky Hill where there is a Stone house 
Oft-set S. 35° 15' W. 10 C. 80 Lk. & Set the Mile Stone 
at the foot of a hill Close by a Coal Kill 

Off Set from the 23'^ Mile S. 35° 15' W. 10 Ch. 33 Lks. 
& set the Stone in thich, Brushy, Swampy Lana about 10 
Ch. N^ of Beech's house 
1774 

Off-Set — S 35° 15' W. and put a Learge Stone on 
22'' Mile [ the S. E. side of a very Rocky hill the Stone being so 

j hard it Could not be well Cut 

Off-Set S. 35° 15' W. 9 Ch. 39 Lks in a Old Road & set 
21^* D" \ the Stone near the West Side of a high Hill in thick 

\ young woods 

20"' D" ( Off-set S. 35° 15' W. 8 Ch. 93 Lks. in a piece of Meadow 

\ belonging to Ringwood Iron works c% set the Stone 

Off-Set S. 35° 15' W. 8 Ch. 35 Lks. between Shepherd's 
29th Y)" ] Pond & Vandusen Pond but nearest the last and set the 

\ Stone 

18*'' D" [ off-Set S 35. 15 W and Set a Stake in Negro Guy's 
j field about 5 Ch. S'' of His house 
20*'' November 
at Sluts 

17*" D" } Off-Set S. 35° 15' W. 7 Ch. 48 Lks. - - - and set a Stone 
on the N'' Side of a Clove 

Off-Set 35° 15' W. 7 Ch. and Set a Stone in a Clove 
near the Easterly side of Ramopough Mountain 
Off-Set S. 35° 15' W. 6 Ch. 53 Lks. in Onemakers* Field 

*[Wfi'niiemakers.] 



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No. 46.] 51 

IS"' Milu I near his Line N'' of Conrad Fredrick's house about 5 Ch. 

f on the W'y Side of the Post Koad 

14^h D" ) Off-set S. 35" 15' W. 6 Ch. 6 Lks. and Set a Stake in 

f Woods 
— [^Field Book (in N. Y, State Engineer's Office), xvii, 461 ; Regents' 
Rejyort of Boundaries of N. J^., ii. In press. (Points or periods 
under superior letters in the original MS. and in the Regents' Re- 
port, have not been reproduced by the printer in this copy.) 



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EXPLANATIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, SIGNS, ETC., 
USED IN THE NOTES. 



Inst. Sta. Instrument station where transit is set. 

Obs, Sta. Observed station, the point sighted to. 

Hor. Ang. Horizontal angle. 

Vert. Ang. Vertical angle. 

Stadia. Statia reading, to which 1.3 ft. is added for instrumental constant. 

Redu. Dist. Reduced distance =(stadia + 1-3) x cos.^ Vert. ang. 

C!onsec. Dist Consecutive distances, of the successive stations a, b, c, etc. 
Names of the stations, the order of the letter indicating the relative position of 
the station, except in cases of m, m', m", etc., which are generally used as inter- 
mediate points between stations. 

® (ra), etc. A letter with a ring around it indicates that it is the name of a 
station in the succeeding mile where it is found without the ring. 

M. S. Mile-stone. 

I, II, III, etc., the numbers of the mile-stones counting from the Hudson river. 

P, 11°, Iir, etc. Stations on the random lines opposite their respective mile 
stones. 

r. 1. Random line ; a true line being a straight line joining any two consecu- 
tive mile-stones. 

w. d. Whole distance. 

b. s. Back sight. 

off. Offset. 

E. W. N. & S. The directions of the random lines toward and from the Hud- 
son river and to the north and south of such lines ; the general direction of the 
boundary line is about N. 51° W. 

O. Station ; usually marked by a stake and tack. 

^ • Crow- foot on rock. 

T . Flag set for fore or back sight. 

All "chained" distances and offsets were made with a fifty ft. steel tape 
measure. In the figures the black numbers indicate measured, and the red num- 
bers computed distances : and North is toward the top and West to the left of the 
page. Under "Remarks" in distances to stakes in roads, the black numbers 
indicate distances on random lines, and the red numbers above them distances on 
true lines. 

[Sen. Doc. No. 4G.] 10 



DESCRIPTIO]^ OF MONUMENTS 



NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY BOUNDARY. 



The monuments are of three classes, viz. : Mile Monuments, Rail- 
road Monuments, and Wagon Road Monuments. 

The Mile Monuments are of granite, four feet long, the top dressed 
six inches, and for a distance down of six inches; upon the north 
side are cut the letters N. Y. ; upon the south side the letters N. J., 
and upon the east side the number corresponding to the number of 
the original Mile Monument ; quarter-inch grooves are cut at I'ight 
angles across the centre of the top, parallel to the sides ; one groove 
showing the direction of the boundary, and the other is perpendicular 
to it. 

The Railroad Monuments are like the Mile Monuments, except 
tliat they are not marked with numbers. 

The Wagon Road Monuments are of the same material as the 
preceding, but are four and one-half feet long, the top dressed six 
incites by twelve inches in cross sections, and for a distance down of 
ctne foot ; and they are marked in the same \vay as the Railroad 
Mommients. 

The old Mile Monuments were reset except XXVI, XXXI, 
XXXIV, XXXVI, X LI, and XLVII, which were missing; they 
were reset in their original location, and in a substantial manner. 
The new Mile Monuments were set on the east side contiguous to 
the old monuments, and in line therewith, and secured by packing- 
broken stone in the excavation around them, 

A dat earthenware disk six inches in diameter, perforated in the 
centre, was placed vertically beneath the point to be marked by the 
monument and six inches beneath its bottom, in each case unless 
otherwise stated. 

Reference trees are blazed, and have three hacks beneath, unless 
otherwise stated. 

Monument No. 1, or Road between Terminal Point on the Hud- 
son River and Mile-stone '" 7." 

This monument is situated on the West side of the Boulevard 
which leads from Closter, N. J., to the village of Palisade, N. Y.; 



^6 [Sknate 

is at tlic cast foot of the liill which rises about 15° to its snmmit. 
distant about 100 paces; is 9' Soutli of a fence running S. 51" E, 
and N. 51° W. ; is also about 2T28' 6 East of M. S. " I." 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 51° E, 5' • 
1 J" to a Wliitewood tree. Soil sandy. Disk set in line from an old 
iiouse. 

Mo7mment No. 2, or Mile-stone No. "7." 

This monument is situated on the West slope of a ridge between 
the boulevard and Rockland road ; is also about 971' East of Monu- 
ment No. " 3 " and stands just East of the edge of a large growth of 
trees, and 21 paces North of a fence running up over the ridge. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 85° 
"W. IS paces to a large oak, and S. 72° W. 14 paces to another. 

Soil sandy. Disk set in leaves. 

Monument JVo. 3, o?' Road No. 1 hetioeen M. S. "7" and '''//." 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road about 
971' West of JVI. S. " I " and on ground sloping eastward. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. 50° E. 
30 paces to a large oak which stands on the West side of the road 
and just in front of Mrs. Spark's house. 

Here the soil was sandy about 3' when encountered solid ledge 
rock into which we drilled a hole about 10" , but could not fire the 
blast on account of water (as at this time we had nothing but 
black powder). We broke off about 6" of the stone, and then set it. 
Disk in wood-ashes. 

Monument No. 4, or Road, No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road about 
2992' West of M. S. •'!," and on ground sloping gently westward. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. by W. 
5' to a shade maple. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood-ashes. 

Monument No. 5, or Mile-stone No. "//." 

This monument is situated in the Tappan Timber Swamp and is 
about 2301' West of Monutnent No. ''4" on ground which is low 
all about, and at times covered with water. 

At the mvaumeut the following bearings were taken : S. 51° E. 
6 paces to a hickory standing on "line," also N. 75° E. 3 paces to a 
large oak. Soil clayey. Disk set in wood-ashes. 

Monument No. 6, or Road No. 1, hetioeen Mile-stones ^'-JP' and 
''111,'' or Northern R. R. of N. J. 

This monument is oituated on the West side of the track about 
1501 West of M. S. ''II ; " also 91' south of the bridge over small 
stream Sparkel, and 327 ])aces South-east of Tappan station. Soil 
sandv. Disk set in ashes from the R. R. 



No. 46] 77 

Monument No. 7 oj' Eoad No. 3» 

This monument is situated on the West side of tlie road about 
2904' West of M. S. "11 " and just upon the edge of higli ground 
bordering a little swamp. 

At the monument tlie following bearing w^as taken : N". 30° E. 
75 paces to the South-west corner of a barn which stands just East 
of the road. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 8, or Road No. 3. 

This monument is situated on the East side of the road, about 
4400' West of M. S. " II," and on the ground rising gently North- 
west. At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 76 
paces to South-east corner of a Dutch Methodist church standing just 
East of the road , also about North 48 paces to the front entrance 
of Bohner's yard. Soil sandy, and somewhat stony. Disk set in 
Avood ashes. 

Monument No. 9, or Road No. 4:, or West Shoi^e and Buffalo R. R. 

This monument is situated on the West side of the track, and 
about at the East foot of slope rising to Andre hill, and 45 paces 
S. 20° W. of Andre Avenue. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 50°, 
W. 67 paces to monument No. " 10," and N. 35° W. 14 paces to a 
piu oak. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 10 or Road No. 5, or Andre Avenue. 

This monument is situated on the East side of the road, and about 
6051' West of M. S. " II," and on the East slope of a hill. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken: N. 10° 
W. 30 paces to the middle house of three which stand just north of 
the road; also about 100 paces North-westerly from the West Shore 
and Buffalo K. R. Soil sandy. Disk set in w^ood ashes, 

Moiiument No. 11 or Milestone No. " ///." 

This monument is situated on the East slope of Andre hill, about 
584' from the summit, or about half way up. 

At the monument the followin<r beai-ino-s were taken : S. 40° E. 
36 paces to the South-west corner of a little white house, and S. 70° 
W. 18 paces to an old well. Soil a line gravel, and ground some- 
what wet. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 12 or Road No. 1 letv^een Milestones '■'■ IIV 

and'' IV r 

This monument is situated on the top of Andre hill, about 584 
W. of M. S. " III." and on the East side of the road. 



T8 [Senate 

At the monnmenl: the following bearings were taken : S. 16 paces 
to the North-west corner of D. O. Storm's house, and N. 15° E. 52 
paces to the Andre monument. 

The place w^here the monument was set appeared to be an old 
hole filled with stones of all sizes. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 13, 07' Road No, 2. 

This monument is situated on the East side of tlie road, about 
1S25' West of M. S. " III," and on ground comparatively level ; 
also 24 paces North-westerly of a small bridge, which is the begin- 
ning point of two road districts ; also 20 paces Easterly of the 
entrance into Abr. Haring's barnyard. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. 51° W. 
to Haring's house. Soil sandy. Disk set in cinders. 



Monum.ent No. 14, or MUe-stone No. " / F." 

Tin's monument is situated in an open field, just opposite a small 
cedar tree, and at the top of a slight elevation. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N". 55° 
"W. 13 paces to an apple tree, and N. 10° W. 22 paces to a M'hite- 
wood tree. Soil sandy. Disk set in sand and monument in cement. 

Monument No. 15, or Road hetv^een Milestones " /F" and " F." 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road running 
North and South, about 2419' West of .M. S. "IV," and 11 paces 
South of a small bridge and on level ground. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. 10° 
E. Ill paces to an old stcne house owned by Blauvelt. Soil some- 
what gravelly. Disk set in light colored sand. 

Monument No. 16, or Mile-stone No. " F." 

This monument is situated in the woods, about 50 paces West of 
a clearing, and about half way up the slope of a slight rise ; is also 
5261' 27" West of M. S. " IV," and 20 paces West of an old wood 
road running North and South. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 5° E. 4 
paces to an oak sapling. Soil sandy. Disk set in leaves. 

Monument No. 17, or Road hetween Milestones " F" and. " F/.'* 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road running 
North-easterly and South-westerly ; also about 4298 West of M. S. 
" V," and ^'^ paces South of a bridge. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. 80° E. 138 
paces to a large locust tree standing in Mr. Tuttlo's front yard. Soil 
sandy and slightly gravelly. Disk set in wood ashes. 



No. 40..] 79 

Monument No. 18, or Milestone No. " VIP 

This monument is situated on the East slope of a hill, about \ 
of the distance up, and 5225' 18" West of M. S. " V." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 51° E. 
to a tree, and N. 42° E. 11 paces to a hickory. Soil sandy. Disk 
set in the sand. 

Monument No. 19, or Road, hetvoeen Mile-stones " YV 
and ''VIP' 

* This monument is situated on the West side of a road running 
S. 75° E. and N. 75° W. ; is also about 3408' West of M. S. "YI," 
and 20 paces South of an apple tree standing just on the West edge 
of the road, and on ground sloping westward. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 70' E. 

12 paces to a maple which stands between the East edge of the 
road and the stone fence ; also N. 30° E. 55 paces to a thorny locust 
which stands in the front yard of W. Comes. Soil sandy. Disk 
set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 20 or Mile- stone No. ^^VIL'^ 

This monument is situated very near the summit of the first ridge 
West of the road in an open field and about 5241' West of M. S. 
" YI," and 1833' West of monument No. 19. At the monument 
the following bearings were taken : N. 65 paces to a large chestnut 
standing in the extreme South-east corner of the woods and N. 50° 
W. 20 paces to another ; also crosses the fence at the edge of the 
woods AYest of it 130 paces from the lane. Soil sandy. Disk set in 
sand and monument in cement. 

Monument No. 21 or Road No. 1 between Mile- stones " F//" and 
*' 77//" or tjie Hackensack R. R. 

This monument is situated on the West side of the track close in 
by the end of the ties and about 1640' West of M. S. " YII " and 
in a slight cut, about 880 paces along the track from the South-east 
corner of the depot at Pearl river. Soil sandy. Disk set in ashes 
from the R. R. 

Monument No. 22 or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road running 
North and South and is just about at the East foot of a hill ; is 
also about 2063' West of M. S. " YII " and 385' West of monu- 
ment No. "21"; also about 2' North of the corner of a "line" 
fence running about N. 51° W. up over the hill. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 45° E. 

13 paces to the North-west corner of Buttock's barn. Soil sandy. 
Disk set in wood ashes. 



80 [Senate 

Monument iV7>. 23 or Milestone No. " YIIIP 

This monument is situated in an open field on slightly rolling 
ground about 5251' 25' West of M. S. '' YII " and about 250 paces 
West of the nearest point of the Pascack creek. 

At the monument the following beariiigs were taken: S. Y0° W. 
15 paces to an apple tree, and S. 15° E. 90 paces to a chestnut 
standing in the corner of the field. Soil sandy. Disk set in sand 
and the monument in cement. 

Monument No. 24 or Road No. 1 hetween Milestones " YIIV 

and^'IXr 

This monument is situated on the East side of the road which 
runs North and South and is about 449' West of M. S. " YIII " 
and about 10' North of a small stream and on ground sloping east- 
ward. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : South 24 
paces to the North-west corner of a house standing just East of the 
road. Soil very gravelly and the hole full of water. Disk set in 
wood ashes. 

Monument No. 25 or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the West side of the road running 
nearly East and West and just at the top of a hill ; is also about 
2320' West of M. S. "YIII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 50° 
E. 12 paces to a birch, and South 9 paces to a chestnut standing just 
inside of the fence and near the bars. Soil sandy. Disk set in 
sand. 

Monument No. 26, or Road No. 3. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road run. 
ning nearly East and West ; is also about 3492' West of M. S. 
"YIII," and about opposite the point at which a road running 
North and South enters the main road, on which the monument 
is set. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 50° E. 
22 paces to a small white oak standing just inside of the fence and 
at the intersection of the roads, and N. 51° W. to the house at top 
of hill. Soil somewhat gravelly, and much water in the hqle. Disk 
set in wood ashes. 

N. B. The main road runs from Nanuet to Saddle river, and 
the cross road to Pearl river. 

Monument No. 27, or Road No. 4. 

This monument is situated on the West side of the road which 
runs about North and South, and is about 109.^5 East of M. S. 
" IX," and on level ground. 



No. 40.] 81 

At tlic monument the following bearings were taken : S. 1S° W. 
70 paces to a butternut wliicli stands just in the angle of the fence, 
and X. IS"^ E. 93 paces to the South-east corner of an old building 
belonging to Mr. FOst and standing just West of the road. Soil 
saudy, l)isk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 2S, or Mile-stone No. " /X." 

This monument is situated in an open field, on the property of 
Mr. Post, and on level ground. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 51° W. 
115 paces to Post's house, and South 192 paces to the butternut de- 
scribed in the last. Soil sandy. Disk set in sand, and monument in 
cement. 

Monument No. 29, or Road hctween Mile- stones " ZX" and "X." 

This jnonumcnt is situated on the West side of a road running 
about North and South, and is about 318' East of M. S. " X,"^ and 
on level ground. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 20° W. 
55 paces to the South-east corner of Leadwith's house, and N. 32° 
E. 80 paces to the North east corner of P. Christopher's house. 
Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monwnent No. 30, or Mile-<<tone No. " X.'' 

This monument is situated in an o]ien field, on the property of 
Mr. Leadwith, and just a little on the West slope of a slight rise ; 
also about 5286.'6 West of M. S. " IX." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 26° 
E. 135 paces to the North-west corner of Leadwith's house, and S. 
78° W. 92 paces to a chestnut. Soil sandy. Disk set in sand, and 
monument in cement. 

Monument No. 31, or Eoaclhetween Mile-stones "X" and " X/." 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road running: S. 
20° W. and N. 20° E., and is about 4050' West of M. S. " X,'' Vnd 
on ground sloping gently Westward to Saddle river, distant about 
270 paces. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 55° W. 
10 paces to an apple tree standing just inside of the fence, and N. 
11° W. 37 paces to the South-east corner of Van Buskirk's barn. 
Soil sandy and gravelly, and hole rery wet. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument N'o. 32, or Mile-stone No. " X"/." 

This monument is situated in a little cedar grove 5267.'6 West of 
M. S. " X," and about 1217' West of monument No. " 31," and on 
ground ascending westward. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. 30° E. 45 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 11 



82 [Senate 

paces to a butternut wliicli stands inside the fence inclosing a young 
apple orchard. Soil sandy, and somewhat stony. Disk set in sand. 

Monument No. 33, or Road No. 1, hetioeen Milestones "X/" and 

This monument is situated on the West side of the road which 
runs N. 75° W. and S. 78° E. : is also about 2258' West of M. S. 
'* XI ■' and on the West slope of a hill near the top. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 49° E, 
20 paces to a large chestnut standing just South of the road, and S. 
84° E. 32 paces to the South-west corner of De Graw's house, which 
stands North of the road and about at the top of the hill. Soil 
sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 34, or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road which runs 
N.-E: and S.-W. and is 3585' West of M. S. '^ XI " and about at 
the East foot of the hill. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 52° W. 
40 paces to an a])ple tree and N. 25° E. to a button-wood which 
stands near a bridge and on the East bank of a stream ; also 5 paces 
to the nearest point on said stream, also 20 paces South along the 
road to a point where it makes a right angle and runs Eastward up 
the hill. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Moniunent No. 35, or Road No. 3. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which runs 
about [North and South ; is also about 4083' West of M. S. "Xl" 
and on the East slope of a hill. 

At the momnnent the following bearing was taken : S. 10° W. to 
the North-east corner of an old barn, which stands directly opposite 
the junction of roads leading to Tallmans and Suffern. Soil sandy. 
DisK set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 36, or Milestone No. " X//." 

This monument is situated in the woods at the West foot of the 
hill and is about 25 paces N. 51° W. from the corner of the ''line" 
fence which ends at the woods. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. 16 paces 
to an oak tree standing near a fence rimning East and West. Soil 
sandy, Disk set in sand. 

Monument No. 37, or Road between Milestones ^^NIP'' and 

This momnnent is situated at the top of the hill and on the East 
side of a road running about North and South ; is also about 3304' 
West of M. S. "XIL" 



Ko. 46.] 83 

At the monument the following bearingR were taken : S. 23° E. 
20 paces to the North-west corner of James Fox's house, and N. 22° 
E. 17 paces to an old apple tree. Soil sandj. Disk set in wood 
ashes. 

Monument No. 38, or Milestone No. '■'■XIII.'''' 

This monument is situated on the West slope of a hill in an open 
field on the property of John Doremeus; is also 5297' West of M. 
S. "XII." 

At the monument the followino; bearings were taken : K. 57° W. 
to Doremeus' house and N. 50 paces to a small white oak standing 
in the corner of the field. Soil sandy. Disk set in sand and monu- 
ment in cement. 

Monument No. ZS), or Road No. 1, hetioeen Milestones '■'■XIIV 

and'' XIV r 

This raonnment is situated at the West foot of the hill, and on 
the East side of a road running N. 40° E. and S. 40 W. ; is also 
about 673' West of M. S. "XIII."' 

At the monument the following bearings were taken: S. 18° E. 
30 paces to the jSTorth-west corner of Doremeus' house and N. 10 
paces to a white-wood standing on the opposite side near a large 
boulder. Soil coarse gravel. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monuinent No. 40, or Jioad No. 2. 

This monument is situated about at the East foot of a hill, and on 
the West side of the road which runs N. 20° E. and S. 20° W. ; is 
also about 2782' West of M. S. " XIIl." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 20° E. 
90 paces to the corner of a " line " fence between W. W. Way and 
adjoining land ; S. 48° E. to a wild cherry tree standing in the corner 
near a "line" fence. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 41, or Mile -stone No. '■'■XIYT 

This monument is situated in the edofe of the woods on the West 
slope of the hill and 5298' West of M. S. "XIIL" 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 42° E. 9 
paces to a white oak and S. 50° W. 9 paces to a red oak : also about 
^ of a mile west of W. W. Way's house and at the corner of his 
land and David Fox's : Way's fence running westerly and Fox's run- 
ning northerly. Soil sandy. Disk set in sand. 

Monument No. 42, or Private Road leading lup to Col. David 

Fox^s house. 

This monument is situated on the East side of the lane 3434' West 
of M. S. " XIY " and on level ground. 



84 [Senate 

At the monument the folfowing bearings were taken: N. 85° E. 
190 paces to a large oak tree standmg just outside of tlie yard limits 
and S. 85° W. 5 paces to a shade maple. Soil sandy. Disk set in 
sand and monument being broken in the middle was set in cement. 

Monument N'o. 43, or Road N'o. 1, between Mile-stones "X/F" 

and'^Xyy 

Tliis monument is situated on the East side of the old Ramapo 
post-road which runs about North and South and about 4705' West 
of M. S. " XIV." 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 215 paces 
to tlie bridge over the Maliwah river ; also about 1 pace North of 
the corner of David Fox's " line " fence. Soil sandy. Disk set in 
ashes from R. R. 

Monument No. 44, or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated between the two tracks and about 46 
paces West of monument No. "43" and 4839' West of M. S. 
"XIY." 

At the monument the following bearing was taken: S. 40° W. 
45 paces to an old stone house. Soil a mixture. Disk set in ashes 
from the E-. R. 

Monument No. 45, or Milestone No. "A' F." 

This monument is situated in an open field on the land of Dr. 
Zabriskie and is 5280' West of M. S. " XIY," and on level ground. 

At the monument the following bearings Avere taken : S. 60° E. 
35 paces to an apple tree and North 50° E. about 75 paces to 
Zabriskie's house. Soil sandy. Disk set in sand and monument in 
cement. 

Monument No. 46, or Road between Mile-stones "A'F" and 

This momiment is situated on the East side of the road which 
runs South and North along tlie East foot of the Ramapo moun- 
tains and about West of M. S. " XY." 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 60° E. ' 
100 paces to a negro house and North about 6' to a butternut stand- 
ing opposite the end of a "line" fence. Soil sandy. Disk set in 
wood ashes. 

Monument No. 47 or Mile-stone No. " XVI.'''' 

This monument is situated about half-way up the Eist slope of 
the Ramapo and just East of a wood-road which leaves the main 
road opposite the negro house ; is also about 10463' West of M. S. 
"XIY." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 85° 



Ko. 46.] 85 

"W. 3 paces to a black oak, and N. 05° E. to tlie spire of the Episcopal 
cliurchin Suffern. Soil sandy until got within about 6" of the " full 
depth," when struck ledge ; on this we cut a cross in place of the 
disk and broke off about 6" of the monument. 

21onumerit No. 48 or Mile-done No. '' XYIi:' 
This monument is situated on the East slope of a ridge and just 

on the South-east edge of a little clearing ; is also 5141. '65 West 

of M. S. •' XVI." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 65° 

W. 250 paces to a chestnut tree standing in the door yard just North 

of ]S^egro DeGroot's house, and N. 15" West to a large white oak. 

Soil very rocky. Disk set in sand. 

Monument No. 49 or Mile-stone No. " XYIIV' 
This monument is situated in an open field about half-way down 
a gradual slope, which begins at the mountain on the South-east and 
slopes Westward; is also 5301. '2 West of M. S. "XYII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 85° E. 
10 paces to a maple and N. 18° W. about 15 paces to an apple 
tree ; also about 200 paces Northerly to Negro Mann's house. Soil 
gravelly. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 50 or Road between Mile-stones '^ NVIII'''' and 

" Z7X" 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road running S. 
30° W. and N. 30° E. through the valley. 

This monument is about lO paces North of a large boulder having 
blazed trees all about it ; the boulder measures 6' high, 12' long and 
10' wade. Soil sandy. Disk set in leaves. 

Monument No. ^1 or Mile-stone No. '''■XIX.'''' 

This monument is situated very near the top of the ridge between 
Negro and Shepherd ponds. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 75° 
W. 1 pace to a small white oak, and N. 75" E. 3 j^aces to a hickory ; 
the negro house which stands on the North-west corner of Shei> 
herd pond bears N. 50° W. Soil sandy until within 6" of the 
"depth," so we broke ofi" about 6" from the bottom of the monu- 
ment and^cut a mark on the ledge in place of the disk. 

Monument No. 52 or Road No. 1 hetween Mile-stones " iT/X" 

and " XX" 

This monument is situated in the woods about 60 paces West of 
M. S. "XIX" and a little on the West slope of the ridge, and on 
the East side of the road which runs N. 30° E. and S. 30° W. 

At the monument the following bearings wei'e taken : East 2 paces 
to a chestnut, and West 5 paces to another. Soil tine sand. Disk set 
in leaves. 



86 [Senate 

Monument No. 53, or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated near the top of the first hill West of 
Shepherd pond and on the East side of a road runnino; I^. 20° E, 
aad S. 20° W.; is also about 4023' West of M. S. "Xli." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 20° E. 
225 paces to Tidaboch's house, and S. 51° E, about 100 paces to a barn 
belonging to DeGroat, also N. 51° W. about 2 paces to a hickory 
about 5' in diameter which is exactly on "Hne." Soil sandy. Disk 
set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. Si, or Mile-stone No. " XXP 

This monument is situated in a wet meadow about 80 paces West 
of the edge of the woods which skirts the meadow, and is 5227.4 
West of M. S. "XIX;" and in a " line" fence between Geo. W. 
Babcock and John Tidaboch. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 58° E. 75 
paces to a large oak, which about 4" from the ground divides into 
two trunks. Soil about 2' turf, 2' blue clay and the balance good 
solid sandy gravel. Hole filled with water but the monument was 
very firmly set in cement and the disk put in the bottom as usual. 

Monument No. 55, or Road hetween Mile-stones " XJT" and 

This monument is situated in the valley on the West side of 
a road which runs N. 45° E. and S. 45° W. ; is also about 2544' 
West of M. S. " XX," and 2 paces North of a small brook. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken: IST. 65° E. 
60 paces to the South-east corner of a negro house, and West 1 pace 
to a butternut. Soil gravelly, and also many boulders. Hole filled 
with water and disk set in wood ashes. 

Mo7iunient No. 56, or Mile-stone No. "XX/," 

This monument is situated on the West slope of a high ridge, and 
is just on the South edge of a small clearing, and on the West edge 
of a wood road. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 51° E. 4 
paces to a white ash tree standing on " line." Soil sandy. Disk set 
in leaves. 

Monument No. 57, or Road between Mile-stones Nos. "XX/" and 

''xxii:' 

This monument is situated on the West slope of a mountain and 
on the East side of a road which runs S. 85° E. and N. 85° W. ; is 
also about 100 paces West of M. S. " XXI." 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. 85° W. 9 
paces to a white oak standing on the West edge of the road. Soil 



No. 46.] '87 

sandy. Monument was broken in getting it to the place, and hence 
was only set about 2', but was very tirm. 

Monument No. 58, or Mile-stone No. " XXII. " 

This monument is situated in the woods on the South-east slope 
of a hill which appears to be a projection from Black Rock moun- 
tain ; is also 5258. '46 West of M. S. "XXI," and just on the edge 
of a lot of large rocks. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken: about N. 
53° W. to the large boulder which caps the South end of Black Rock 
mountain, and S. 72" E. 12 paces to a large black oak. Yery rocky 
all about, but succeeded in sinking the hole without blasting, and 
cut a mark in place of disk. 

Monument No. 59, or Road between Milestones Nos. " XXIV 

and ''XX II V' 

This monument is situated in the valley between Black Rock 
mountain and Beech mountain ; is about 4012' West of M. S. 
" XXII," and on the East side of a road which runs S. 80° W. and 
N. 80° E. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 80° W. 
275 paces along the road to the North-east corner of a barn standing 
on the Beech farm, and N. 72° W. 30 pa«es to a white-wood and an 
elm which stand on the edge of the swamp ; also about 17 paces 
East of a small bridge. Encountered rock after getting down about 
1^' and fired two blasts. No disk used. 

Monument No. 60, or Mile-stone No. '' XXIII. '^ 

This monument is situated in a swamp, but on ground somewhat 
higher, and about at the foot of Beech mountain. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 20^^ W. 
about lOuO' to the house of Mr. Morris on Beech Farm, and S. 24° 
E, 25 paces to an oak which stands on the South-west corner of a 
small clearing where now stand the ruins of an old house ; is also 
-4586' West of M. S. "XXII,"' and at the foot of two birch trees. 
Soil sandy. Disk set in leaves. 

Monument No. 61, or Mile-stone No. '' XXIV. " 

This monument is situated on the West slope of Beech mountain, 
about half way down, and on the West side of a road running about 
North and South, and at this point running down hill toward the 
North ; is also 5197' West of M S. " XXlll." 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 67° W. 45 
paces to a large chestnut which stands just on the East edge of 
a wood road leaving the main road near the monument. Soil sandy. 
Disk set in leaves. 



'88 [Senate 

Monument No. 62, or Milestone No. " A'A'F. " 

This monument is situated on the West slope of the first ridiije 
"West of Grenwood Lake, and on the Korth-west corner of a swamp ; 
is also 5247/4 West of M. S. " XXIV." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N, 55° E. 
5 paces to an oak, and S. 48° E. 60 paces to an elm ; also about S. 
75° E, to large prominent rocks. Soil clayey and somewhat wet. 
No disk used. 

Monutnent No. 63, or Greenwood Lake It. R. 

This monument is situated at the West foot of the ridge on 
the East side of the track ; is also about 2525' West of JVI. S. 
" XXV,"and 15 paces East of the edge of the lake. 
. At the monument tlie following bearings were taken : N. 40° E. 
about 75 paces to the South-east corner of Ryerson's house, and 
S. 40° W. 56 pkces to the North-east corner of the State Line depot ; 
is also a little North of the corner of a line fence. Soil sandy. Disk 
set in ashes from R. R. 

Monument No. 64, or Mile-stone No. ^'■XXYIT 

This monument is situated at the East foot of Rough mountain 
and is 5282' W. of M. S. " XXV," and 2' 6" West of a crow foot 
cut into a large flat rock wlych lies on the extreme East edge of a 
point of land jutting out into the lake. 

At the monument the following bearings M'ere taken : N. 23° 
W. 65 paces to a large sugar maple which stands 10 paces West of 
the road and S. 70° W. 50 paces to another which stands 10 paces 
East of the road. Soil gravelly. Disk set in sand. 

Monument No. 65, or Road between Mile-stones Nos. "A'A'F/" 

and ''XXVIi:' 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which runs 
N. 20° E. and S. 20° W. along the East foot of Rough mountain ; 
is also about 50 paces West of M. S. "XXVI." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken: N. 12° E. 
50 paces to a sugar maple, and S. 5° W. 59 paces to another (both 
of which are mentioned in the last); is also 760 paces along the 
road to the Lake Side house. Soil quite slaty. Disk set in char- 
coal. 

Monument No. Q>Q, or Mile-stone No. "XX VIi:' 

This monument is situated on Rough mountain about 300 ])aces 
West of the last or hiochest ridge and on the West edge of a bad 
swamp ; is also 5047'.7 West of M. S. '• XXVI." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken: S. 9° E. 6 
paces to a wdiite oak and N. 18° E. 15 paces to a hemlock; also 1 
pace southerly to a pine tree. Soil sandy, though apparently rocky 
everywhere else. Cut a cross on the ledge in place of the disk. 



No. 4:6.-] 89 

31onument No. 67, or Milestone No. ''XXYlIi:' 

This monument is situated about lialf way up rlie East slope of a 
steep hill, 10' North of a "line" fence and 100 paces North of a 
cleared field; is also 5161' West of M. S. " XXVII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 5° E. 5 
paces to a small hickory standing in the " line" fence and S. 40° W. 
to an old tumble-down house standing on the North side of the lane 
which leads up by O'Brien's house. Met i-ock here and moved the 
point 1' East and cut a mark iu place of a disk. 

Monument No. 6S, or Road hetween Mile-stones Nos. ^'■XXVllP'' 

and "XX/X" 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road wliich runs 
N. 20° E. and S. 20° W. on the West slope of the ridge and 1295' 
West of M. S. "XXYIII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 20° W. 
8 paces to a large chestnut standing in the stone fence and N. 20° 
E. 45 paces to another, also 200 paces along the road to the lane 
leading to O'Brien's house. Soil gravelly and some slate. Disk set 
in sand. 

Monument No. 69, or Mile-stone No. "XX/A"." 

This monument is situated about half way down the West slope 
of a steep hill in an open field on the land of Mr. Wright ; is also 
5232'.8 West of M. S! " XXVIII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 50° W. 
50 paces to a large button-wood, and N. 19° W. 425 paces to the 
South-east corner of Wright's house. Soil sandy. Monument set 
in cement, and disk in sand. 

Monument No. 70, or Road hetween Mile-stones Nos. ''XXI X^'' 

and '^AXX" 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which 
runs S. 40° West and N. 40° E.. is also about 1813' West of M. S. 
" XXIX " and about at the West foot of the slope. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken: N. 50° E. 
240 paces to a small house standing opposite the junction of roads 
and S. 40° W. 100 paces to the North-east corner of Huzzie's house 
and about 40 paces westerly along the road to a bridge. Soil sandy. 
Disk set in wood aslies. 

Monument No. 71, or Jlile-stone No. "XXA'." 

This monument is situated on top of the mountain and on the 
East slope of a ridge about 25 paces West of an old wood-road, which 
runs between this ridge and one a little further East ; is also 5325' 
West of M. S. " XXiX." 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 12 



90 [Senate 

At the monument the following beanngs were taken: N". 51° W. 
7 paces to a large oak, on " line" and S. 51° E. 7 paces to a • line" 
chestnut. Soil sandy. Disk set in leaves. 

Monument No. 72, or Road No. 1, 'between Milt-stones Nos. 
''XXX'' and ''XXXV' 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road which runs 
N. 40° E. and S. 40° W. through the hollow; is also about 1020' 
West of M. S. "XXX" and at the West foot of the hill, also 5 
jjaces easterly of the point where the brook crosses the road. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : JST. 68° W. 
20 paces to a large hemlock and S. 65° E. 13 paces to a chestnut, 
also three paces to a black oak. Soil sandy, but very stiff and hard 
toward the bottom. No disk used. 

Monument No. 73, or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road running 
about North and South, is also about at the top of the hill and 2260' 
West of M. S. "XXX." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 8° W. 
83 paces to a large hickory which stands just on the road-side in 
front of Ebenezer Barrett's wagon-house, and N. 58° W. 22 paces 
to an apple tree standing in the orchard West of the road. Soil 
sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 74, or Mile-stone No. "XZAT." 

This monument is situated in an open field on the land of Mr. 
Layton and on the West slope of the hill, is also 5280' West of M. 
S. "XXX." 

At tho monument the following bearings were taken : S. 21° W. 
56 paces to a white oak standing alone in the South-east corner of 
the field and N. 44" E. 165 paces to the South-east corner of Lay- 
ton's barn ; also 25 paces easterly to a lane which runs by aforesaid 
barn. Soil sandy. Monument set in cement and disk in sand. 

Monument No. 75, or Road hetween Mile-stones Nos. "XXAT" 

a7id ''XXXIir 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road running 
about North and South and sloping toward the North ; is also 8629 '.8 
West of M. S. " XXX." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 7° E. 
425 paces along the road to the house of Frank Campbell, which 
stands opposite the junction of the roads, and N. 76 ' W. to a pear 
tree standing just inside of the stone wall. Soil sandy. Disk set 
in wood ashes. 



Ko. 46.] 91 

Monument JVo. 76, or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the "West side of a road running 
N. 78° W. and S. 78° E. ; also in front of and near the North-east 
corner of a picket fence, and between two shade trees 6' 9" South 
of one and 19' 9" North of the other and about — West of M. 
S. - XXXI." 

At the monument tlie following bearings were taken : N. 33° "W. 
82 paces to the North-east corner of Mr. Welling's house and S. 88° 
E. to another Jiouse down near the intersection of roads. Soil 
sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 77, or Mile-stone No. "A'XX/Z." 

This monument is situated in an open field on the land of Mr. 
"Welling about 5 paces East of a lane running from his house down 
across the Wawayanda; also 5317' West of M, S. "XXXI.'- 

At the monument the following bearings were taken: S. 34*^ E. 
about 75 paces to the North-west corner of the main barn and N. 
35° W. 110 paces to a large hickory, which stands in the South-east 
corner of a field and just opposite an angle in the lane. Soil sandy. 
Disk set in sand and monument in cement. 

Monument No. 78, or Lehigh and Hudson River R. R., or Road 
No. 1, hetiveen Milestones Nos. ''XXXIV and ''XXXIli:' 

This monument is situated on the West side of the track which 
runs N. 75° E. and S. 75° W. and is about 2367' West of M. S. 
"XXXII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 88'' E. 
100 paces to an elm which stands in the field about 100 paces South 
of the track and S. 64° E. 100 paces to a hickory and S. 23° E. to 
another elm. Soil sandy. Disk set in ashes from the H. K. 

Monument No. 79, or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road running N. 
70° E. and S. 70° W. and about 4060' West of M. S. " XXXIl," and 
on ground about level. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 65° W. 
363 paces along tlie road to the North-east corner of Alfred Ely's 
house, and N. 35° W. 25 paces to a butternut tree and N. 40° W. 
20 paces to another ; also 263 paces along the road to where a brook 
crosses just at the junction of the roads. Soil slaty. Disk set in 
wood asiies. 

Monument No. 80, or Road No. 3. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which runs 
N. 25° E. and S. 25° W. and at the East foot of a hill, and is about 
4616' West of M. S. " XXXIL" 



02 [Senate 

At'tlie monument the following bearings were taken : N. 51° W. 
to a large " line " oak, and ]S'. 60° E, 65 paces to an elm, and East 
25 paces to a butternut ti-ee, also 350 paces along the road to Ely's 
house. Soil sandy about 2^' when met slate rock. Disk set in 
wood ashes. 

Monument No. 81, or Milestone No. " XXXIIiy 

This monument is situated on t'lie East slope of a ridge and just a 
little on the South side of a "line" fence on the property of A. 
Ely, and is also 5355' West of M. S. " XXXII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 51° W. 
5 paces to a large "line " white oak, and S. 51° E. to a butternut, 
also South about 300 paces to Ely's house. Met rock right at the 
top and had to fire several blasts, and cut a cross on the bottom in 
place of disk. 

Monument No. 82, 07' Hoadhetioeen Mile-stones Nos. " XXXI 11^^ 

and '' XX2 IV.'' 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road running IT. 
50° E. and S. 50° W. on top of a low ridge, and about 4354' West 
of M. S. " XXXIII." 

At the monument tlie following bearings were taken : S. 51° E. 8 
paces to " line " oak, and S. 40° W. 150 paces to the house of Mr. 
Forsher, also about 1 pace to the corner of a " line " fence. Soil 
sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Mojiument No. 83, o?- Milestone No. ''XXXIV.'' 

This monument is situated in an open swampy field on the land 
of Mr. Layton, and is 5280' West of M. S. "XXXIII," and East of 
Pochuck meadow. 

At the monument the folloAving bearings were taken : S. 5° W. 
250 paces to the North-west corner of Layton 's house, and N. 51° 
W. 95 paces to a button-wood standing on " line." Encountered a 
large boulder of what was apparently partly disintegrated quartz and 
had to fire a blast. Disk set in fine gravel. 

Monument No. 84, or Mile-Uone No. " XXXV." 

This monument is situated in an open field on swampy low land 
about 100 paces East of the edge of upland and on the ])ropertv of 
Linn Koy, and about 5351'. 5^ West of M. S. "XXXIV," and in 
West edge of Pochuck meadow. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 10° W. 
to Mr. Roy's house, and S. 10° E. 10 paces to a pin oak standing on 
the South bank of a "line" brook (not notched or blazed). Soil 
soft and mushy. Monument set in cement and the disk in sand. 



No. 40.] 



93 



Monument No. 85, or Eoad hetween Mile-stones Nos. " XJTJt F" 

and'^XXXVir 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road running at 
about iiglit angles to the '"line" on the East slope of the Pochuek 
mountain, and abont TOO' West of M. S. "XXXV." 

At the monument the following bearings Avere taken : S. 50° E. 
50 paces to an elm standing in the fence, and S. 24° W. 70 paces to 
another on the East edge of the road. Soil sandy. Disk set in 
sand. 

Monument No. 86, or Mile-stone No. "XXXF7." 
This monument is situated in a open field on the East slope of 

the Pochuek mountain and on the property of Daniel Bailey, is also 

5270' West of M. S. " XXXY." 

At the monument the follo^ving bearings were taken : N. 49° E. 

40 paces to the South-east corner of Bailey's house, and S. 64° E. 

40 paces to a large chestnut. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

31onument No. 87, or Mile-stone No. "XXXPV7." 
This monument is situated in a ravine between two peaks of the 
Pochuek and on the West slope of the ridge and just on the North 
edge of a swamp, is also 5147'.7 West of M. S. '''XXXYV 
• At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 51° E. 
25' to a " line " black oak about 3" in diameter, and JST. 13 W. 5 
paces to another standing just South of the road ; following this 
road Easterly about 100 paces it opens into an apple orchard. Soil 
sandy. Disk set in leaves. 

Monument No. 88, or Road hetioeen Mile-stones Nos. '* XXX VII " 
and '' XXX VIII :' 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which 
runs S. 43° W. and N. 43° E., is also about 3651' West of M. S. 
" XXXVII " and about at the West foot of the Pochuek. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 8° E. 
7 paces to a cherry tree standing just inside of the fence, and S. 46° 
W. 200 paces to the Xorth-east corner of Levine Potter's house. 
Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 89, or Mile-stone No. "XA^XF/Zi." 
This monument is situated in the meadow land East of the Wall- 
kill river and 5247'.7 West of M. S. " XXXYII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N". 16*^ W. 
63 paces to a maple standing on the West bank of a ditch which be- 
gins at the East end of and runs at right angles to the willows which 
skirt the road running across the Wallkill, also N. 85*^ E. to Yar- 
rington's house which stands on Liberty corner. Soil about V muck 
and the balance white sand. Monument set in cement and the disk 
in sand. 



94 [Senate 

• Ilonument N'o, 90, or iMile-stone No. "XXZ7X." 

This monument is situated on the East slope of and about 50 paces 
from the foot of the first ridge West of the Wallkill low lands in a 

stone fence, the line between Charles Tattle and ; is 

also 5278/ 7 West of M. S. "XXXVIII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 70° E. 
48 paces to an oak standing just in the edge of the low land, and N. 
55° W. 5 paces to another "standing just South of the fence. After 
ffettinir down about V encountered slate rock and had to fire a blast. 
Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 91, or Road No. 1, letween Mile-stones Nos. 
'' XXXIX'' and'' XLr 

This monument is situated on the West side of the road which 
runs N. 40° E. and S. 40° W. and about at the West foot of a steep 
hill, is also about 2100' West of M. S. " XXXIX." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : IST. 40° E. 
425 paces along the road to Chas. H. Tuttle's house, and N. 30° W. 
to Mr. Clark's house, also N". 60° E. 40 paces to a cherry tree. Soil 
sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 92, or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the South side of a road which 
runs S. 50° E. and is about 100 paces along the same West of the 
top, is also about 4173' West of M. S. "XXXIX," the road follows 
the Boundary on S. W. side nearly to ]\T. S. " XL." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 30° W. 
about 250 paces to a house standing in the hollow, and X. 51° W. 
to a large "line" tree. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 93, or Mile-stone No. "A"Z." 

This monument is situated near the bottom of the West slope of 
the hill in an apple orchard on the land of Peter Kimber, is also 
5229'. 9 West of M. S. " XXXIX." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 78° W. 
58 paces to a butternut, and N, 60° W. 200 paces to Kimber's mill, 
also about 100 paces to the intersection of the roads. Soil sandy. 
Disk set in sand, and monument in cement. 

2Ionument No. 94, or Road No. 1,1/etioeen 31 lie-stones Nos. "A'Z" 

and 'XLi:' 

This monument is situated on the North side of a road which runs 
nearly North and South and about 100 paces East of the West foot 
of the hill, also about 278 West of M. S. " XL." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 60° W. 
100 paces to the North-east corner of Kimber's mill and S. 5° E. 70' 
to a butternut, also just about opposite the intersection of the roads. 
Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 



No. 46.] 95 

Monument No. 95, or Road No. 2, or New Jersey Midland H. li. 

. This TTionnment is situated on the "West side of the track about 3' 
from the rail, and just about at the entrance of a slate cut, and about 
500 paces West of'M. S. " XL." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 45° E, 
225 paces to the South-east corner of a barn which stands on the 
lower road just at the entrance of a lane, and N. 50° "VV. 30 paces to 
an apple tree. Met slate rock and had to blast. Disk set in wood 
ashes. 

Monument No. 96, or Road No. 3. 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road running iN^. 
25° E. and S. 25° W., is also about 4 paces West of the West "edge 
of a mill-pond and 2122' West of M. S. "XL." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken ; K. 45° E. 
40 paces to the South-west corner of a saw-mill, and S. 45° E. 30 
paces to a wild cherry tree standing just on the East bank of a pond, 
also about 2(> paces Southerly to the intersection of the roads. Soil 
sandy foi' one foot, but very hard and stiff ; slate in the bottom. 
Disk put in the side and a mark cut in the rock. 

Monument No. 97, or Road No. 4. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road whicli runs 
N. 35° E. and S. 35° W., is also about 5083' West of M. S. " XL " 
and about at the West foot of a hill. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 35° E. 
83 paces to a white oak standing just East of and opposite the inter- 
section of the roads, and S. 35° W. 75 paces to a chestnut standing 
on the roadside at the top of the hill, also N. 35° AV. 200 paces to 
Everett's barn. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 98, or Milestone No. "A'X/." 

This montiment is situated in an open field on the West slope of 
a small knoll and on the land of Aliakim Everett, is also 5280' West 
of M. S. " XL." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken ; N. 45° E. 
about 200 paces to the South-east corner of Everett's barn, and S. 5 ' 
E. 115 paces to the chestnut mentioned in the last description. Soil 
sandy. Monument set in cement and the disk in sand. 

Moriument No. 99, or Road No. 1, hetioeen Mile-stones Nos. 
"XZ7" and '' XLII.'' 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which runs 
S. 68° E. and N. 68° W., and about 418' West of M. S. "XLL" 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 68° E. 
248 paces along the road to the white oak mentioned in Xo. " 97," 
and S. 30° E. 240 paces to the chestnut mentioned in Xo. " 97." 
Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 



96 [Senate 

Monument No. 100, or lioad No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road which runs 
S. 25° W. and ^. 25" E. on the West slope of a hill, and about 
290G' West of M. S. "XLL" 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 30° W. 
14 paces to the South-west corner of Chas. Baxter's barn and N. 
40° E. T paces to a cherry tree standing inside of the fence East of 
tlie road. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 101, or Road No. 3. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which runs 
S. 10" W. and N. 10° E. ; is also about 4624' West of M. S. " XLl," 
at the East foot of a hill and just opposite or in line with a "line" 
fence between S. W. Benjamin and Chas. Goldsmith. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 10° W. 
along the road to the North-west corner of Benjamin's house, and 
N. 45° E. 145 paces along the road to Goldsmith's barn standing on 
the East side. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 102, or Mile-stone No. " XLII. " 

This monument is situated on the East slope of a hill about 20 
paces from the top in a " line " fence between Benjamin and Gold- 
smith ; also 5261'.95 West of M. S. " XLL " 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 35° E., 
about 300 paces to the North-west corner of Benjamin's house, and 
S. 25° W. 27 paces to a maple tree ; also about 1 pace East to a 
"line" oak. Soil sandy, mixed with considerable slate. Disk set in 
wood ashes. 

Monument No. 103, or Road hetioeeoi Mile-stones Nos. " XLII " 

and " XLIll. " 

This monument is situated at the West foot of a st(?ep slope and 
on the West side of a road wdiich runs S. 50° W. and N. 50° E., 
and about 1250' West of M. S. " XLIL" 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 23 E. 10 
paces to an oak which stands near a very prominent ridge of rocks 
N. 30° E. about 250 paces to the South-east corner of David P. 
Clark's house ; also S. 51° E. 9 paces to a large crow-foot cut into 
the ledge. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monu7nent No. 104, or Milestone No. " XLIIT. " 

This monument is situated in a "line" fence between Jos. L. 
Clarke, and — in low, meadow ground ; is also 5270' West of M. S. 
"XLIL" 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 32° W. 
V5 paces to a sugar mapje, and JM. 15° W. 422 paces to a little red 



No. 40.J 97 

]i(»usc standing just East of the road and on the land of Clarke. 
Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 105, or Road No. 1, between Mile-stones Nos. 
''XLIIP' and ^' XLIV.'' 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which runs 
N. 30° E. and S. 30° W. ; is on the East slope of a small hill about 25 
paces from the top ; is also about 1014' West of M. S. " XLI1[." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : N, 38° E. 
230 paces to the house mentioned in the last description and S. 51° 
E. 9 paces to a " line " oak which stands just on the East edge of 
the road and is the corner between the townships of Greenville and 
Minnesink ; is also about 6' North of the corner of a "line " fence 
between Clarke and Mr. Whorry. Soil sandy and very tight and 
had to put in a blast to loosen it. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 106, or Road No. 2. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which runs 
about North and South, is also about 36«5'.9 West of M. S. 
"XLIII," and on ground sloping gently Westward. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 51° E. 
to the corner of a " line" fence between Northrup and Clarke, and 
N. 55° W. 300 paces to the North-east corner of Isaac Winter's 
honse, w^hich stands just South of a lane which leaves the main road 
150 paces North of the monument, also 47° E. 60 paces to a white 
oak standing by the road side. Soil very rocky toward the bottom 
where had to blast. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monmrtent No. 107, or Mile-stone No. '' XLIV. " 

This monument is situated in a kind of low, swampy meadow on 
the North edge of the lane which I'uns by Winter's house, and 
about 50' East of the edge of the upland, is also 5304' West of M. 
S. " XLIII." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 51° E. 
5 paces to a ''line" oak and N. 51° W. to a " line" chestnut. Soil 
clayey, with some gravel. Disk set in w^ood ashes. 

Monument No. 108, or Road hetioeen Mile-stones Nos. "A'Z/T"" 

and " XL V. " 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road which runs 
S. 65° W. and N. 65° E. is also about 2965' West of M. S. 
"XLIY," and on ground sloping gently Eastward. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 58° E. 
140 paces to a large maple standing on the East bank of a brook, 
also about two paces to the corner of a "line" fence between Jas. 
Wood and John Taylor; also S. 58° W. 190 paces to the North-west 
corner of Wood's house. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 
[Sen, Doc. No. 46.] 13 



98 [Senate 

Monument No. 109, or Mile-stone No. "^Z F." 

This monument is situated on the North-east corner of a meadow- 
belonging to widow Taylor and just at tlie South-west corner of tlie 
woods, is also 5301' West of M.' S. " XLIV." 

.At the monument the following bearings were taken : N. 65° W. 
450 paces to the North east corner of widow Taylor's house which 
stands on the West side of the road running along the East foot of 
Blue Mountain, and N. 44° E. 9 paces to a hickory. Soil clayey. 
Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 110, or Road hetioeen Mile stones Nos. "XZ F" 

and "XZ F/." 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road which runs 
S. 25° W. and N. 25° E. along the East foot of the Blue Mountains ; 
also 47' South of the corner of a " line " fence between Lansing 
Simpson and widow Taylor. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 55° W. 
34 paces to the North-east corner of widow Taylor's house, and N. 
25° E. 200 paces to the Southeast corner of Simpson's house. Soil 
sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. Ill, or Mile-stmie No. "XZ VD' 

This monument is situated in low scrub oaks on the West slope of 
the East summit of the Blue Mountains about 200 paces from the 
summit and 210 West of an old wood road running North and South. 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N. 50° W. 
75 paces to a gum tree standing in the first hollow West of the 
summit. Soil sandy, and the monument having been broken in 
getting it to the place, was only set in about 1^ ft. but was very firmly 
wedged. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 112, or Mile-stone No. "XZ VIi:' 

This monument is situated on the West slope of the Blue Moun- 
tains in low brush, but on ground that has once been cultivated ; is 
also about 5 paces West of the edge of a wood road bearing S. 65° 
W.; is also 5280' West of M. S. " XLVI." 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 25° W. 
29 paces to a chestnut tree which stands just at the angle in the road 
and just on the JS^orth edge of the large growth of trees, also N. 40° 
W. about ^ of a mile to James Hamilton's house which stands in 
Fiddler's Elbow. Soil sandy, Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 113, or Road hetioeen Mile-stones Nos. "XZ VII'''' 

and ''XL VI II :' 

This monument is situated on the East side of a road which runs 
a little North-east and South-west and at the foot of the " Hog 
Back" Mountain ; is also about 10000' West of M. S. " XLVL" 



No. 46.] 99 

At tlio monuinent tlie following bearings were taken : N. 50° W. 
to the South end of Caleb Jones' house or saloon, which stands about 
3' clear in N. Y. The " line " at this point passing between his 
house and saloon ; also 1 ])acc South of the corner of a " line " fence 
between Michael Fitzgerald and M. D. Graham. Soil sandy. Disk 
set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 1 14, or Milestone No. "XZ Yllir 

This monument is situated on the top of the "'Ilog Back" in a 
" line " fence between Tom Dutton and widow Snyder ; is also 10419' 
West of M. S. " XLVI." 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : N, 65° E. to 
a hemlock. Met very hard rock right at the top and had to fire six 
blasts. No disk used. 

Monument No. 115, or Road 'between Mile-stone No. '■^XLVIII^'' 
wnd Carjpenter'' 8 Point. 

This monument is situated on the West side of a road which runs 
S. 25° W. and N. 25° E.; is also about 300 paces West of M. S. 
" XLVIII," and on ground sloping gently Westward. 

At the monument the following bearings were taken : S. 64^* W. 
125 paces to a hemlock standing on top of the hill, and N. 10° W. 
175 paces to the South-east corner of widow Snyder's house ; also 
K. 50° W. to a negro house. Soil sandy. Disk set in wood ashes. 

Monument No. 116, or Never sink River. 

This monnment is situated about 15 paces East of the water edge 
and on the land of Mr. Phillips ; is also about West of M. S. 

"XLVIIL" 

At the monument the following bearing was taken : S. 50° E. 134 
paces to a negro house standing South of widow Snyder's. Soil 
sandy. Disk set in wood-ashes. 



APPENDIX 6. 

SPECIAL REPORT ON THE TERMINAL MONUMENTS OF 

THE BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN THE STATES 

OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY. 



Dated Novemher 17, 1882. 



\ 



To the Joint Boundary Cominission for surveying the Boundary 
Line "between the States of New York and Nexo Jersey and 
for setting and adjusting Monuments on the same : 

The undersigned, a committee appointed by your Board to ascer- 
tain and mark by substantial and permanent monuments the ter- 
minal points of said boundary, have discharged the duties assigned 
them and herewith report somewhat in detail the work done : 

The boundary line in question was settled by a Commission ap- 
pointed by the King of Great Britani, and the final decision ren- 
dered in 1769, was " That the boundary or partition line between 
the said Colonies of New York and New Jersey be a direct and 
straight line from [the Delaware river at] the fork at the mouth 
of the Mahaekamack in the latitude* of forty-one degrees, twenty- 
one minutes and thirty-seven seconds, to Hudson's river at [a] rock 
[on the bank of said river] in the latitude of forty-one degrees as 
above described." The Mahaekamack river is now known as the 
Neversink and the fork at the mouth of it is the south point of 
Laurel Grove Cemetery grounds. It is a bare limestone rock, with 
its upper surface near the high-water mark, at the confluence of the 
two streams above-mentioned. It was earl}^ marked by a crow-foot 
cut into the rock on its upper face ; the mile monuments on the 
boundary line which were set by the Joint Commission of the two 
States in 1774 are in range with it, "and the traditions of the countiy 
people have always recognized it as the western station-point of the 
Boundary. The mark was very jilain in 1874:, though its cut edges 
were somewhat smoothed by the exposure of a hundred years. In 
1874 the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, at the request of 



*Tlie latitudes mentioned in this description were determined by order of this 
Commission of 1769, and for its use. The work is said to have been done by 
David Rittenhouse, of Philadelphia, who was acknowledged to be the leading 
astronomer of the continent. 



[Senate, No. 46. ] 101 

tlie Geological Survey of New Jersey, determined accurately the 
latitude and longitude of this point, and at tlic close of the work 
marked it by drilling a deep hole in the rock and fastening in it a 
copper tube tilled witli lead, and setting and describing proper wit- 
nesses of its location. The station-point, according to this determina- 
tion, is in 

Latitude 41" 21' 22". 63 north. 

Longitude 74" 41' 40". TO west from Greenwich. 

Tills point we have now marked by setting in the solid rock a 
large pillar or monument of granite. This pillar is in one piece 
1 1^ feet long, and with a cross section of something over one foot 
by two feet. It weighs nearly three tons, and is set four feet down in 
an accui-ately cut hole in the rock and fastened with cement mortar, 
and is further supported for a foot and a half more by building- 
stone and hydraulic mortar around it. The remaining portion (six 
feet) is hammer-dressed, and marked on two of its sides. The 
words " Boundary Monument" and the date " 1882 " are cut on both 
sides. The north side is further marked : 

NEW YORK. 

o 

Henry R. Pierson, 
Chauncey M. Depew, 
Elias W. Leavenworth, 

Coinm issioners. 
H. W. Clarke, 

Surveyor. 
The south side is further marked : 

NEW JERSEY. 



Abraham Browning, 
Thomas N. McCarter, 
George H. Cook, 

Co'/nmissioners. 
E. A. Bowser, 

/Surveyor. 

The drawing here given shows the form and dimensions of the 
monument. 

The location of the monument is particularly favorable for its pro- 
tection from mutilation, and the solid material and setting give 
promise of durability and permanency. 

The eastern end of the boundary, in the description given bv the 
Commission of 1769, was said to fall "at a rock on the west side of 
Hudson's river, marked by said surveyors, being 79 chains and 27 
links to the southward, on a meridian from Sneyden's Plouse, form- 
erly Corbet's." It was described in the report of tlie Joint Bound- 
ary Commissioners of the two States in 1774, as " that the rock on 



102 [Senate 

the west side of Hudson's river, marked by the surveyors [of the 
Royal Commission of 1760] in the latitude of 41 degrees, we have 
marked with a straight line tlirongh its surface, passing through tlie 
place marked by said surveyors, and with the following words and 
Hgures, to-wit : Latitude^ 41 deg. J^orth, and on tlie south side 
thereof the words New Jersey^ and on the north side thereof the 
words New York.'" The rock above described is still in place. It 
is about a mile below Sneddon's landing, on the west bank of the 
Hudson, about six inches above high- water mark and at the foot of 
the north end of the Palisades. It is a long four-sided block of trap- 
rock, lying upon one of its sides. It is 7 feet 6 inches long, 3 feet 
2 inches high and 4 feet wide. Tlie marks cut on it in 1774 are still 
plain and legible. The straight line through its surface is a vertical 
line two feet from its north end. It lies 313^^5- feet S., 18 44' W. 
from the U. S. Coast Survey Station Duer, and from the determi- 
nations of that survey it is in 

Latitude 40° 59' 48" .17 north. 

Longitude 73° 54' 11" west from Greenwich. 
By estimation the rock weighs nearly eight tons, so that it is not 
likely to be moved by accident, and it has not suffered from the 
action of the elements during the 113 years since it was first marked ; 
but it lies immediately under the Palisades, where it is liable to be 
buried under the debris which falls from the rocks above, and there 
is danger of its destruction or removal in the progress of projected 
changes and improvements on the bank of the river. To avoid any 
danger to arise from its loss, and also to mark more conspicuously 
the terminus of the line, a pillar or monument of granite, similar to 
the one on the Delaware, and marked in the same way, has been set 
.up on the boundary line where it crosses the highest part of the 
Palisades. It is 488 feet from the marked rock on the bank of the 
river, and is 350 feet above tide level. It is of the same dimensions 
as that at tlie west end of the boundary, and is set in the solid trap- 
rock of the mountain in the same way as that. It stands opposite a 
point on the Hudson river railroad midway between Dobb's Ferry 
and Hastings, and the boundary line, if extended across the Hudson, 
would cross the railroad near the tall old chimney south of Hastings. 
By clearing away bushes the monument is in plain sight of the east 
bank of the Hudson, from near Sing Sing almost to Yonkers. It is 
also in sight on the Boulevard at the foot of the mountain and near 
where the boundary crosses it. The monument stands on the property 
of the Palisade Land Company. These terminal monuments are of 
such durable material and so finely set, and are objects of such public 
attention and interest, that they seem little liable to destruction and 
loss. 

The granite was furnished from the quarries at Westerly, P. I., by 
M. J. Fi-ench, of Syracuse, N. Y., and that on the Palisades was set 
by him. The one on the Delaware was set by Galen Bennett, of 
Port Jervis, N. Y. 



''J^v'M:LJ:^M3MM 



No. 40.] 103 

The contract jirice for delivering the monuments dressed 

and lettered at Jersey City was $350 00 

The cost of setting that on the Palisades, which was in a 
place wild, rocky and difficult of access, including freight 
from Jersey City, was ....'.. 261 00 

The cost of setting that at the Delaware, including freight, 

was 92 61 

The cost of cleaning road and grounds at Palisades was. . . 30 00 

$733 61 

The setting of the monuments has been delayed by a singular 
mistake of the Erie railroad officials, in sending them to Erie^Pa., 
so that several weeks passed befoi'e they were found and returned. 
Respectfully submitted. 
November 17. 1882. E. W. LEA YEN WORTH, 

GEO. H. COOK, 

Goininittee. 



APPENDIX 7. 

AN ACT TO RATIFY AND CONFTTiM THE AGREEMENT 
ENTERED INTO BY COMMISSIONERS. 



An Act to ratify and confirm the agreement entered into by Com- 
missioners on tliepart of the States of New York and New Jersey 
in reUition to that portion of the boundary line between said 
States extending fi-om the Hudson river on the east to the 
Delaware river on the west. 

The People of the State of New York, rejjresented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as follows : 

Section 1. The agreement for the settlement and re-marking of 
that portion of the boundary line between the State of New York and 
the State of New Jersey which extends from the Hudson river on 
the east to the Delaware river on the west, is hereby ratified and con- 
firmed as follows, that is to say : An agreement made the 7th day of 
June, in the year 1883, between Henry R. Piersou, Elias W. 
Leavenworth and Chauncey M. Depew, Commissioners on the part 
of the State of New York, and Abraham Browning, Thomas N . Mc- 
Carter and George H. Cook, Commissioners on the part of the 
State of New Jersey : 

Whereas, by the first section of chapter 340 of the Laws of the 
State of Now York, for the 3^ear 1880, it was recited among other 
things, that whereas by an act of the Legislature passed the '26th day of 
May, 1875, the Regents of the University of the State of New York 
were authorized and directed, in connection with the authorities of 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey respectively, to replace any monu- 
ments which have become dilapidated or been removed on the 
bonndary lines of those States, and it was thereby declared that the 
lines originall}' laid down and marked with monuments by the. 
several joint Connnissioners duly appointed for that purpose, and 
which have since been acknowledged and legally recognized by the 
several States interested, as the limits of their territory and juris- 
diction, are the boundary lines of said States irrespective of want 
of conformity to the verbal descri])tions thereof ; and by the second 
section of the same chapter of the Laws of the State of New York, 



[Senate, No. 46.] 105 

tlie said Regents were authorized and empowered to designate and 
appoint three of their number as Commissioners, to meet such Com- 
missioners as may have been, or may be, appomted on tiie part of 
the States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, or either of them, and 
with such hist-named Commissioners, as soon as may be, to proceed 
to ascertain and agree upon the location of said lines as originally 
established and marked with monuments, and in case any monuments 
are found dilapidated or removed from their original location, said 
Commissioners are authorized to replace them in a durable manner 
in their original positions, and to erect such additional monuments 
at such places on said lines as they may deem necessary for tlie proper 
designation of the boundary hnes of said States ; and, 

Whereas, also, the above-named Henry R. Pierson, Elias W. 
Leavenworth and Chauncey M, Depew have been duly designated 
and appointed by the said the Regents of the University of the 
State of New York, Connnissioners on the part of said State for the 
purposes mentioned in the said act ; and, 

WHEREas, also, by an act of the Legislature of the State of 
N^ew Jersey entitled "An act appointing Commissioners to locate the 
northern boundary line between the States of Kew York and New 
Jersey and to replace and erect monuments thereon, " a23proved 
April 13, 1876, the Governor of the State of New Jersey was 
authorized to appoint three Commissioners with power, on the part 
of said State of New Jersey, to meet any authorities on the part of 
the State of New York who may be duly authorized, and with them 
to negotiate and agree upon the true location of the said boundary 
line between the States of New York and New Jersey, and also to 
replace any monuments which may have become dilapidated, or been 
removed, on said boundary line, and to erect new ones, which agree- 
ment it was thereby enacted should be in writing and signed and 
sealed by the authorities of the State of New York, and the Com- 
missioners of the State of New Jersey ; and, 

Whereas, the above-named Abraham Browning, Thomas N. 
McCarter and George H. Cook have been duly appointed Commis- 
sioners on the part of the State of New Jesrey under said act ; and, 
Whereas, by a supplement to the last said act, approved on 
the 25th day of March, 1881, the Commissioners under the last said 
act were, in addition to the authority conferred b}^ the last said act, 
also authorized in their discretion to proceed to ascertain and agree 
upon the location of the northern bouiidaiy line between the States 
of New York and New Jersey, as originally established and marked 
with monuments, and in case any monuments are found dilapidated, 
or removed from their original location, said Commissioners were 
authorized to renew and replace them in a durable manner in their 
original positions, and to erect such additional monuments at such 
places on said line as they may deem necessary for the proper 
designation of the boundary line of said States ; and, » 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 14 



106 [Senate 

Whereas, the said Commissioners, acting for and on behalf 
of their j'espective States, have entered upon the performance of the 
duties imposed upon tliem by the said acts, and have, in pursuance 
of the authority- to them severally given as aforesaid, agreed, and 
hereby do agree, as follows : 

First. The line extending from the Hudson river on the east to 
the Delaware river on the west, as the same was laid down and 
marked with monuments in 177'i by William Wickham and Samuel 
Gale, Commissioners on the part of the then CJolony of New York, duly 
appointed for that purpose in pursuance of an act of the Assembly of 
the Colony of New York, passed on the IGth day of February, 1771, 
entitled an act for establishing the boundary or i)artition line between 
the Colonies of New York and Nova C?esarea or New Jersey, and 
for coniirming titles and possession, and John Stevens and Walter 
Rutherfurd, Commissioners on the part of the then Colony of New 
Jersey, duly appointed in pursuance of an act of the Assembly of 
the Colony of New Jersey, passed on the 23d day of Sep- 
tember, 1772, entitled an act for establishing the boundary or par- 
tition line between the Colonies of New York and Nova Csesarea or 
New Jersey, and for confirming titles and possession, which said 
line has since been acknowledged and recognized by the two States 
as the limit of their respective territory and jurisdiction, shall, not- 
withstanding its want of conformity to the verbal description thereof 
as recited by said Commissioners, continue to be the boundary or 
partition line between the said two States ; provided that wherever 
upon said line the location of one or moi'e of the monuments erected 
by said Commissioners in 1774 has been lost and cannot otherwise 
be definitel}^ fixed and determined, then, and in that case, and in every 
case where it is required to establish intervening points on said line, 
a straight line drawn between the nearest adjacent monuments whose 
localities are ascertained shall be understood to be, and shall be, the 
true boundary line. 

Second. The monumental marks by which said boundary line shall 
hereafter be known and recognized are hereby declared to be ; first, 
the original monuments of stone erected in 1774, along said line by 
the Commissioners aforesaid as the same have been restored and re- 
established in their original positions by Edward A. Bowser, surveyor 
on the part of New Jersey, and Henry W. Clarke, surveyor on the 
part of New York, duly appointed by the parties hereto ; second, 
the new monuments of granite erected by the aforesaid surveyors 
at intervals of one mile, more or less, along said line and numbered 
consecutively, beginning from the Hudson river, and severally 
marked on the northerly side with the letters N. Y., and on the 
southerly side with the letters N. J.; and third, the monuments of 
granite erected by the aforesaid surveyors at intervening points on 
said line at its intersection with public roads, railroads and rivers, 
and severally marked by them, on the northerly side with the letters 
N. Y., and on the southerly side with the letters N. J.; and/bwr^A, 
the terminal monuments erected at the western terminus of said 



No. 46.] 107 

line at the confluence of the Delaware and Neversink rivers, and the 
terminal monuments erected on the brow of the rock called the Pali- 
sades near the eastern terniimis, and the rock lying and being at the 
foot of the Palisades on the bank of the Hudson river, and marked 
as the original terminal monument of said line established in 177J: ; 
as the same are described in a joint report made to the parties hereto 
by Elias W. Leavenworth, Commissioner on the part of New York, 
and George II. Cook, Commissioner on the part of New Jersey. 

Thhvl. The Held books of said surveyors, containing the de- 
scriptions of the locations of the several monuments erected by them. 
and of the witness marks thereto, the report of said surveyors con- 
taiuing the account of their work in ascertaining and marking said 
line, together with the topographical map of said line and the vicin- 
ity thereof, and the several documents and books of record contain- 
ing the transactions of the parties aforesaid, having been duly 
authenticated and attested by the signatures of the said Commission- 
ers, and placed on lile in the otfices of the Secretaries of State of the 
two States, shall constitute the permanent and authentic records of 
said boundary line, and are hereby adopted by the parties hereto, 
and made part of this agreement. 

Fourth. This agreement shall become binding on the tM^o States 
when confirmed by the Legislatures thereof respectively, and when 
confirmed by the Congress of the United States. 

In witness whereof, the said Commissioners have hereto set their 
hands and seals in duplicate this 7th day of June, in the year of 
our Lord, 1883. 

Executed in the presence of : HENKY R. PIERSON, 

Witness as to H. R. Pierson : E. W. LEAVENWORTH, 

A. C. JuDsoN, Albany, N. Y. GHAUNCEY M. DEPEW. 
As to Chauncey M. Depew : 

W. J. Van Arsdale. A. BROWNING, 

As to Commissioners of New THOMAS N. McCARTER, 

Jersey : GEORGE H. COOK. 

B. Williamson. 
Witness to the signature 

of E. W, Leavenworth 
A. F. Lewis. 

§ 2. The Governor is hereby authorized and requested to transmit 
a copy of this act to the Governor of the State of New Jersey, and 
upon receiving due notice of the adoption of such agreement by 
the State of New Jersey, he shall cause such notice to be filed in the 
oftice of the Secretary of State together with the duplicate original 
of said agreement and the duplicate permanent and authentic records 
of said boundary line as described in said agreement. 

§ 3. Upon receiving notice of the adoption of said agreement by 
the State of New Jersey the Governor is authorized in concurrence 
with the Executive of New Jersey to communicate to Congress the 
action of the two States in relation to said boundarv line, and to 



108 [Senate, No. dr..] 

request the approval of Congress to the agreement entered into by 
the two States ; and upon such approval the said agreement shall 
become fully binding and operative, and the said boundary line be- 
tween tliis State and the State of New Jersey shall be fixed and 
established as specified and provided in said agreement. 
§ 4. This act shall take effect immediately. 



APPENDIX 8. 

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF TFIE BOUNDARY LmE BE- 
TWEEN THE STATES OF NEW YORK AND 
NEW JERSEY, 

BY MR. BERTHOLD FERNOW, 

OF THE NEW YORK STATE LIBRAKY. 



A mapmaker's blimder, committed over two hundred years ac^o 
through iusufficient geographical knowledge, was the cause of the 
boundary difficulties between New Y^'ork and New Jersey, the set- 
tlement of which is told in the following pages. 

At the time when the English contemplated the taking of New 
Netherland from the Dutch only four maps had been published 
which gave any information relating to this section of tlie North 
American continent. Jean de Laet, one of the directors of the West 
India Company, had written a work called " Novus Orbis Terrarum 
Descriptio,'" to which he added among others a map of "Nova 
Anglia, Novum Belgium at Virginia." It laid down the course of 
the rivers Hudson and Delaware without giving their names, and 
was so vague in other respects that it would deserve no mention, 
if the error made by De Laet in southing the latitudinal degrees had 
not been repeated by his followers. One of them, G. Jean Blaeuw, 
published in 1645 a map of America, reprinted in 1662, in which 
the Delaware takes its rise in one of the great lakes, presumably 
Ontario, and its forks are laid down under the latitude of Sandy 
Hook. The next geographer of New Netherhind specially. Van 
der Donck, makes in 1656 the Delaware a branch of the Hudson, 
while the last one to print a map of this country before the English 
occupation, Nic. J. Vischer, collecting the information derived 
from the older maps and adding what he had obtained elsewhere, 
published about 1660 his "■ Novd Belgii Tabula," which it seems 
was consulted by the Duke of York, when disposing of part of his 
newly granted territory. Led or rather misled by Vischer's map 
James, Duke of York and Albany, granted two months before New 
Netherland became an English colony, to John Lord Berkeley and 
Sir George Carteret " All that Tract of Land adjacent to New Eng- 
land and lying and being to the Westward of Long Island and 
Manhitas Island, and bounded on the East part by the main Sea 



110 [Senate 

and part by Hudson's River, and hath upon the West Delaware 
Bay or River and extendeth * * * to the northward as farre as 
y*^ northermost Branch of the said Bay or River of Delaware, which 
is fourtie-one Dei^rees and fourtie Minutes of Lattitude, andcrosseth 
over thence in a Straight Line to Hudson's River in fourtie-one 
degrees of Lattitude." {Learning & Spice?''' s Laws of N. J. p. 8,)t^ 

A Btiict interpretation of the wording of this patent would have 
given Statcn Island to New Jersey, but the action of the Govei'nors 
of New York, acquiesced in, if not directed by the Duke, indicate 
that it had not been his intention to surrender Staten Island to the 
grantees of New Jersey. The failure to mention the island by name 
in the patent cannot have had its cause in any ignorance of its exist- 
ence, for it had been laid down in its proper place and dimensions 
on the before-mentioned maps ; but its value had evidently been 
underestimated, and was only understood when Governor Nicolls 
represented to his royal master {N. Y. Col. Doc. LII^ 105) that he 
had given away the most valuable part of his brother's gift. 

As this question, inchiding the jurisdiction over the waters be- 
tween this State and New Jersey, has been settled partly by the act 
of Congress of June 28, 1834, it is not necessary to detail here how 
Governor Nicolls and his successors forcibly withheld from the 
proprietors of New Jersey the possession of Staten Island {N . Y. 
Col. MSS. General Entries., 1 F, 207), how at one time the 
rulers of the two Colonies, surrounded by a numerous retinue of 
armed men, stood facing each other, ready to decide the question 
m et armis (JV. Y. Col. Doc. X/II, 542), or how the Governor of 
New Jersey was finally arrested, brought over to New York and 
tried for " riotously, routously and maliciously " trespassing on the 
domain of the Duke of York on Staten Island (JV. Y. Col. Doc. 
XIII, 514, and Col. MSS. XXIX, 102-104). But it is well to 
remember that these rival claims were based less on the increase of 
territory, than on the advantages accruing from its location to the com- 
mercial interests gf both governments; for the same considerations 
had at first something to do wnth the dissensions concerning the 
northern boundary of New Jersey, when, in 16S0, the ({uestion arose, 
whether by his grant of land the Duke had also surrendered his right 
of government {X. Y. Col. Doc. Ill, 285, et al.). The Duke, and 
still more his Duchess, Ann Hyde, the daughter of Lord Rochester, 
were constantly in need of money ; New York did notsup])ly all that 
it was expected to yield, and the Duke's advisers doubted his authority 
to extort from New Jersey, through customs duties, the wanting 
sums. It became thus a matter of self-preservation to prevent the 
Indian trade on the west side of the Hudson and in the region of 
the Delaware from turning to New Jersey. Governor Dongan, 
fully aware of this, in a conference held wdth the Minisink Iiulians 
on the 9th of April, 1084, asked for their assistance to run the line 
from the intersection of 41° 40' on the Delaware to 41° on Hudson's 
river, and secured their good will and friendship by many presents 



No. 46.] Ill 

{N. Y. Col. MSS. Council Minutes, V, 65) ; on their next 
visit to New York, with furs of considerable value as return gifts, 
they declared themselves the lirm friends of New York {Ibidem, 
p. 91). Their description of the hitlierto unknown region on the 
Upper Delaware and in the mountain fastnesses of the Shawangunk 
range, from which they came, must have been sufficientlj^ enticing 
to make settlers long for an acquisition of land there. In order to 
satisfy theii-, and perhaps his own, curiosity, the Governor sent an 
agent in September, 1684, to explore the land of the Minisinks, and 
report on it^ fitness for settlement {N. Y. Col. MSS. XXXllI, 39). 
The agent's report, if made in writing, is unfortunately lo^t, but as 
he and others made applications for land, and settlers bpgan to pour 
into the region along the present bouudary line between the two 
States within a year, it may be supposed that his report was as favor- 
able as the Indians {N. Y. Deeds and Patents, Vols. I-III). The 
object for which all this was intended — the settlement of the 
boundary line — Avas, however, not attained, and on account of the 
Indiian trade this failure caused much anxiety to the New York 
authorities. In a letter of Fel)rnary 18, 1684-5, to the Duke's 
secretary. Sir John Werden, Governor Dongan writes: " There is 
noe way to prevent y^ trade y® Indians had with East Jersey, but 
by running the line from Hudson's River to Delaware, and then 
take some course with v" Indians not to goe into the bounds of 
.East Jersey" {N. Y. Col. Doc. Ill, 355). A letter from the 
mayor of New York to the same Sir John Werden, written a few 
months later, supports the Governor's statement, that the trade of 
New York is suffering heavily by the establishment of a government 
on the other side of Hudson's river {Ihidern, p. 361). 

Although, as stated. New York considered the determination of 
the line with New Jersey to be a matter of importance, nothing 
was done, until the Governors of East and West Jersey informed 
the Government of New York, that they intended to move in the 
matter {N. Y. Col. MSS. Council Minutes, V, 159). This resulted 
in the appointment of a survej^or for each Government, who were 
jointly to agree upon and determine the most northerly branch of 
the Delaware. The instructions, given to Philipp Wells, the New 
Y''ork surveyor, directed that he sliould " carefully and with exactness 
run the line between this Province and that of East Jersey, begin- 
ning in the latitude of 41° 40' upon Delaware river ^^ (Ibidem, 170). 
The division line was not run as the surveyors contented them- 
selves with determining the station points at both ends of it and 
tiling on the 11th of November, 1686, their declaration, that 41° 
N. L. upon Hudson river was at Tap]mn Point 1' 25" north of 
PhOippse's mill at Yonkers (JY. Y. Deeds, VlIl,Genl. Entries,XXll, 
49; New Jersey Archives, 1, 520). In a memorial address to the pro- 
prietors of New Jersey, thirty years later, the following description 
of the proceedings at Tappan Point is given : " Colonel Thomas 
Dongan, when Governor of New York, and Gawen Lawrie, Esq., 



112 [Senate 

Governor of East Jersey, in the year 1G86, who agreed and ascer- 
tained the latitude of •11'^ on Hudson's river to be at the month of 
Tappan creek in the meadows, where it runs into the Hudson, * * * 
both tlie Governors with the Councill of each Province or the greatest 
part of them and severall Gentlemen of figure of both Provinces 
went upon the Spot ; the most Eminent Lawyers of both Pi'oviuces 
attended to Advise In case any difficulty should arise In construction 
of the words of the Duke's Grant The Surveyors of each Province 
were there who undei'stood Astronomicall observations and were 
men skillfull in their Professions, there were others of both Pj-ov- 
inces very Able in Matheraaticall Learning ; the observations they 
made were done with Instruments of six foot Hadius two of which 
they had nicely Graduated ; the observations often Repeated In the 
Presence of both the Governours, Councill and Persons there Attend- 
ing ; so that All Pretence and Collour of fraud was taken away" {JV. 
J. Archives, JV, 415). The certificate, filed as above, was neverthe- 
less assailed at a later date, because George Keith, the surveyor ap- 
pointed by East Jersey, had not signed it, although his name ap- 
pears in its body as one of the observers. Even the testimony of 
Lewis Morris, later President of the Council and Governor of East 
Jersey, who as a young man had been ])resent at the above de- 
scribed occasion, was not held in sufficient esteem, notwithstanding 
that he testified having in 1691 renewed the marks made on the 
nearest tree in 1686. 

Here tbe matter rested for the present. Lands were taken up 
in the district under New York patents and little care taken to 
discover, whether the lines fell north or south of the boundary. The 
appointment of Sir Edmond Andros as Governor of New York 
and the Jersies in 1688, and the Leisler troubles in the following 
year drove the question into the back ground, from which it slowly and 
gradually emerged during the administration of Governor Sloughter 
without eliciting any official attention. Oidy, when in 1694 New 
Jersey had been called upon for military assistance in the defense of 
the northern frontiers of New York against the French, and the New 
Jersey authorities found, that the inhabitants of the plantatiotis along 
the boundary, as supposed to have been established in 1686, pre- 
tended exemption from service underNew Jersey as being under the 
government of New York, the matter , was again officially brought 
to tlie notice of the Governor of New York. As the settlers prob- 
ably made the same excuses, when called up for service under New 
York, Governor Hamilton of New Jersey requested that the line of 
1686 should be marked out at least as far as the settlements extended 
westward from Hudson's river {N. Y. Col 3IS8. LXXXI, 120, 
No. 27, N. J. Archives, 11, 105). We find no other result of this 
request in the record of the Colonies, than that a committee of the 
Council of New York was appointed to frame an answer to Governor 
Hamilton's letter ; the answer itself, if written, cannot be foand, and 
nothing more is heard about the New Jersey line until six years 
later, in 1700 {N, F, Ooimcil Min. VII, 55). 



Ko. 4G.] 113 

Stirred up by their constituents the representatives of Orange 
County, then inchiding the present Rockland County, moved and the 
General Assembly of the Province adopted an address to the Gover- 
nor, Lord Belloniont : " That, whereas some differences do arise be- 
tween the county of Orange within this Province and the ProWnce 
of New Jerse}', 

" The\^ tlierefore humbly praj^ your Excellency to take into con- 
sideration the settleing of the bounds between this Province and 
the Province of East jersey" {Journal of the Gen. Ass'y of the 
Prov. of N. r., A. J). 106). 

Lord Eellomont sent this address to England by the first oppor- 
timitv and was instructed by the Board of Trade and Plantations, 
under date of April 29th, 1701, to make " inquiry into and give an 
account of the pretensions on both sides, and what he conceived to 
be the state of the case : " {N. Y. Col. Doc, I F, 854), but before 
these instructions had left England, Lord Bellomont had been laid in 
his grave. Tlie Lieutenant-Governor, IS'anfan, M^as absent on leave in 
the West Indies, the members of the Provincial Council cpiarreled 
among themselves as to who of them should administer the govern- 
ment {N. Y. Council 3finutes), and when upon Colonel JS'anfan's 
return, the General Assembly was dissolved, the hopes of the people 
of Orange County, for relief in their distressing situation were 
once more dashed to the ground. However, the matter was not 
forgotten by the authorities in England, in whose mind the action 
of East Jersey had helped to keep the matter fresh. For reasons, 
not necessary to explain here. East New Jersej^ suddenly expressed 
the desire to surrender its right of government to the Crown, and 
when West New Jersey also offered to do the same, the newly 
(1702) appointed Governor of New York, Lord Cornbury, was in- 
vested with the government of theJersies {N . J . Archives). "We 
must recommend to vou upon this occasion," says a letter from the 
Lords of Trade, of the 24th of Septbr., 1702, to Cornbury, " that 
you use your best endeavors to compose those animosities" {N. Y. 
Col. Doc, lY, 966). But Lord Cornbury, too much engrossed with 
other affairs, did nothing, until the Collector and Peceiver-General 
of the two Colonies found difhculties in the exercise of his duties, 
because the boundary between the Provinces had not been surveyed 
and marked {iV. Y. Col. JI8S. Z, 55). New Jersey had passed a 
law, authorizing a tax of £2,000 to be levied on its inhabitants, to 
tlie payment of which settlers along the line under New York pat- 
ents very naturally objected. Both Colonies had enacted militia-laws 
and demanded service, resp. fines, from persons claiming or sup- 
posing themselves to be under the other government. The strict 
enforcement of these laws, either turned them into unjust hardships 
for the individuals, or deprived the governments of their just dues. 
Fauconnier, the Receiver-General, submitted this state of affairs to 
the Governor, in a memorial of the 2d of April, 1705, and obtained 
an order in Council, that " proper persons be appointed to run the 
line" {Coimcil Min. IX, 572). 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 15 



114 [Senate 

The General Assembly of the Province Lad been dissolved in 
November of the preceding year and a new one had not yet been 
elected. The Council, making the above order, acted, therefore, not 
in their legislative, but only in their advisory and executive capacity 
and could not dispose of or appropriate funds (always the prerogative 
of the popular branch of legislation). As, therefore, no funds could 
be made use of to defray the necessary expenses of a sm'vey, the 
order in Council was only waste paper. There is no indication in 
the records of the succeeding years, that the boundary question was 
taken up again by Lord Cornbury or his successors. Lord Lovelace, 
Ingoldsby and President Schuyler. Even Governor Hunter, though 
so completely identified with New Jersey that he resided mostly in 
Perth zVmboy and became the owner of considerable real estate in 
the province, allowed a number of years to elapse after his arrival 
as Governor of the two Colonies, before we find again any mention of 
the New York and New Jersey boundary line. It is not likely that 
the tax gatherers and the militia commanders found their duties less 
difficult to perform among the increased population along the borders, 
orthat the inhabitants submitted to and answered more clieerfully the 
calls made upon them by the authorities of either Province ; never- 
theless no record of difficulties or disturbances, of complaints over 
hardships of government action exists. As Robert Hunter was 
one of the few just and fair-minded Governors sent by England to 
govern her American Colonies, he must have fully understood the 
situation, and why he delayed taking notice of it is not explained. 
It must be presumed, however, that in 1717 he took himself the 
initiative step by bringing the matter before the Council of New 
York and urging legislative action by the General Assembly. "When 
he first directed the attention of the Council to this question does 
not appear ; on the 30th of October, 1717, it was ordered in Council, 
" that the Deputy Secretary acquaint the Assembly that this Board 
desires that house will take into consideration the message for?nerl7/ 
sent by this Board to that house relateing to the appointing proper 
persons for the division line between this Colony and the Province 
of New Jersey. His Exc/ being assured that the Legislature of the 
Province of New Jersey will bear half the expense thereof, {Journal 
of the Legislative Council of N. Y., I, p. ). The Assembly 
received this commimication, but paid no heed to the recommenda- 
tion in it (Jw^y^iaZ ^ jtAe Genl. Assy., A. p. 407), and when the 
Council added to the Assembly bill " for paying and discharging 
several debts due from this Colony to the persons therein named, 
&c.'' {MSS. Laws V, not paged, N. Y. Laws \_Liv. (& SmitJi], /, 
124), a clause appropriating seven hundred and fifty ounces of 
plate (about $1,500) to defray the share of New York in the 
expenses for surveying and marking the line, the Assembly refused 
to agree to it. After considerable haggling in conference committees, 
they finally assented, and the first legislative step taken by New 
York, in this question, became a law of the Colony on the 23d of 



Ko. 4G.1 , Ho 

December, 1717. Armed with sucli autliorit_y, Governor Hunter 
could say in his message to the Assembly of New Jersey a few 
months later (April 19, 1718) : " I am to acquaint you, that the Gen- 
eral Assembly of New York have empowered and enabled me to 
appoint proper persons for running the division line betwixt this 
Province, and that in conjunction w"' such surveyors and comissarys 
as shall be nominated for this, in ord'' to prevent future disputes and 
disquiet, and to do justice to the proprietors on the borders of both, 
alike law for that purpose is necessary here" {]\^. J. Archives, 
/F, 305). 

Well aware that the determination of the boundary line was of equal 
importance to the people of the Province and of still greater to the 
proprietors, the Assembly of New Jersey was unaccountably slow 
in acting upon the Governor's recommendation. The law "for run- 
ning and ascertaining the division line betwixt this Province and the 
Province of New York " was at last enacted in March, 1719 (A^. 
J. Laws, 1, 77, Learning & ^picer'^s Ed.), and the Governor promptly 
carried both laws into effect by appointing the commissioners to deter- 
mine and survey the line on the 2d of May, 1719 {N. Y. Council 
Min., XI, 589). The instructions given to the New York Commission- 
ers, Hicks and Walter and Jarratt their surveyor, directed that they 
should " carefully and diligently inspect and survey all or such of 
the streams of water that fformesthe river Delaware, which they the 
said Commissioners or the surveyor or surveyors may esteem neces- 
sary to be inspected * * * in order to find out and determine 
which of the streams is the northermost branch . of the river Dela- 
ware, and that then when such branch is so discovered that the said sur- 
veyor or surveyors carefully according to the best of their knowledge 
and understanding, discover and find out that place of said norther- 
most branch of Delaware river that lyes in the latitude of fforty-one 
degrees and fforty minutes which is the north partition point of 
New York and New Jersey " {N. Y. Commissions, III, 187). 
The Dukes of York original ]mtent was still taken verbatim and no 
interpretation based on ancient maps was attempted. 

It must have been long suspected, if not absolutely known as a 
fact, that the N. W. station of the line of 1686 was not on the 
" northermost branch of Delaware river." The New Jersey Com- 
missioners evidently shared this suspicion, and acting upon it they 
sent Captain John Harrison on a journey for the discovery of the 
brandies of Delaware, June 30, 1719. " You shall sett out from 
Minisiidv's island [the terminus on Delaware river fixed in 16861, 
and go the Indian path to Susquehannah river, and go up Susque- 
hannah river till you meet the Ind:an path that comes from thence 
to the Indian town in Delaware branch called Cashieghtonk, * * 
* be sure to take care to sett down every stream you cross, how or 
on what point of the compass the stream thereof runs and take par- 
ticular care to judge well of the breadth, depth and swiftness of the 
stream ; and sett down also, the opinions of your guides concerning 
the fame branches" {N. J. ArcJiives, IV, 391). 



116 [Senate 

By tlie time these instructions were given to Harrison, the Com- 
missioners had ah'ead_y started. " The Commissioners of New York 
and New Jersey," writes John Logan, Penn's friend, to a corre- 
spondent in England, June 27 ; " are now actually out upon that 
partition line, and when the northern point on Delaware is fixed, in 
Discovering of which there is a very good brass instrument with able 
artists employed we shall easily find how y^ other lines between the 
two divisions is to run." {N. J. Archives, I F", 3S8). " Y° other line " 
was the partition line between. East and West Jersey, the determina- 
tion of which depended on the settlement of the New York line, as 
the proprietors had in their quintepartite deed of partition of 1076 
decided, that the boundary line between the two sections should be 
"from the east side of Little Egg fLirbor straight north through the 
country to the utmost branch of Delaware river." 

Every thing now looked favorable for a speedy adjustment of the 
matter, but fate had decreed that it was not yet to be. After hav- 
ing seen the Commission fairly under way Governor Hunter, the 
promoter of the undertaking, left on sick leave for England, trans- 
ferring the government of the two Colonies to the Presidents of the 
respective Councils. Had he been able to remain or to return, what 
followed would probably not have occurred. 

The " very good brass instrument" had done satisfactory service 
in the observations made to determine 40° 40' N. L. on what the 
Commissioners agreed to consider the northernmost branch of Dela- 
ware river. Convinced that they had found the right place they 
drew up and signed, on the the 25tli of July, 1719, a tripartite in- 
denture, declaring " That that stream or river which is commonly 
cali'd or known by the name of the Fishkill is the Northermost 
branch of the said River Delaware; and further, that they, the said 
Commissioners and Surveyors, according to the best of their knowl- 
edge and information, do esteem and believe the said Fishkill to be the 
biggest and Chiefest stream that forms the said River Delaware " (zT. 
Y. Deeds, XI F, 168 ; N. J. Arch., IV, 304) ; and as the surveyors 
Jarratt and Alexander, Survej'or-General of East and West Jersey, 
had taken several observations and determined the place on the 
Eishldll lying in 4l° 40', they further certified "That the North 
Partition or Devision Point upon the Northermost Branch of the 
River Delaware between the Provinces of New York and New Jersey 
(which Likewise is the North Partition Point between the Eastern and 
Western Divisions of New Jersey), the Latitude of forty-one Degrees 
and forty Minutes, upon the East side of the said Fishkill Branch, is 
upon the Low Land in the Indian Toun cali'd Cosheghtonk." This 
indenture was properly recorded in the office of the Secretary of 
New Jersey with the attestations of the parties, who had witnessed 
the signing of it by Jarratt and the other New York Commissioners. 
The records of New York fail to show the recording of the instru- 
ment at this date (1710), and its appearance on the books for 1744 
proved one of the most telling arguments against the claims of Kew 
Jersey at a later date. The two surveyors who had made the ob- 



No. 46.] 117 

servations were considered to be able mathematicians, well versed 
in astronomy. A glance at a modern map sIiom's how nearly cor- 
rect their determination has been, for 41" 40' N. L. is only twelve 
seconds, or one-fifth of one mile to the southward of the place fixed 
upon by them. 

It is not easy to reconcile the action of the New York Commis- 
sioners in signing the tripartite indenture with their sudden refusal to 
proceed in the business, when upon reaching the Hudson, near Tappan, 
they found that their line would throw into New Jersey many thous- 
and acres heretofore believed to belong to New York. They must 
have been aware that Cosheghtonk was over thirty miles north of the 
Minisink Island, which the Commissioners of 168(5 were supposed 
to have named as the northernmost point on the Delaware. At 
Cosheghtonk neither of the surveyors had any fault to find with the 
" very good brass Instrument,'' and they had agreed as to the proper 
methods for correcting personal or common errors. But at Tappan 
Alhm Jarratt, the surveyor of New York, had experienced a change 
of faith. lie had been obliged to give bonds for a faithful perform- 
ance of his duties and now petitioned President Schuyler, then 
holding the reins of government, for a better instrument. " Your 
petitioner," he says, " proceeded in conjunction with the Surveyor- 
General [Alexander] of the Provinces of New Jersey to Madam 
Corbetts, as they adjudged that place to be nigh the Station on 
Hudson's Rlvei-, made sundry observations the last month [August] 
in order to determine and adjust the latitude of forty-one degrees 
with tlie aforesaid quadrant more carefully and diligently, * * * * 
then the former they had up at the other Station ; the first of which 
observations, with the plumet at the end of the quadrant (as it was 
in all the observations at the former Station), made this Station to 
fall near two minutes to the northward of the place of observation 
or near Tappan Creek, the last of which observations with the 
plumet about the middle or two-thirds of the quadrant made the 
Station fall between two or three minutes to the southward of the 
place of observation or near opposite to the -lonkers' mills as has 
formerly been reputed to be near the Station" {N. Y. Col. 3ISS., 
ZJlI, 187). All the efforts made by James Alexander to have the 
methods used at the Delaware Station for the correction of errors 
applied here again were of no avail ; Jarratt suddenly dared not 
" decide the question with so small an instrument [it had twenty- 
two inches radius], and rely upon his judgment in an afi'air that so 
liighly concerned the case of this Province for Tappan and sundry 
other gentlemen's estates bordering on the above-mentioned partition 
or division line." Had he agreed to Alexander's propositions he 
would have found that the place marked by the Commission of 1686 
was really at the intersection of 41*^ N. L. and Hudson river. 

The committee of the Council of New York, to wdiom Jarratt's 
petition had l)een referred, took the same view as the surveyor 
regarding the inadvisability of proceeding with what he had declared 
an insutiicient instrument, and counselled the President not to order 



118 [Senate 

a continuation of tlie work, "but rather that Jari-att slionld be 
directed to sett fortii and certifie bj some Instrument under his 
liand and scale tliat the Station pretended to be lixt at the Fish Kill 
is wrong and erroneous to the ende that this Province may not at 
any time hereafter receiue any prejudice by the aforesaid tripartite 
indenture executed there * ^ * * before the defects & errors 
of tlie quadrants -^ ^ ^ were detected" {JV. Y. Col. 3ISS., 
LXI, 189). 

The sudden refusal of the surveyor of Kew York to continue the 
work, on the plea of not having the proper instruments, and the 
action of the Council in sustaining him, are explained in the light 
thrown upon the situation by a memorial of forty-seven persons 
"inhabitants of the Province of New York, t»wners and proprietors 
of lands bordering upon the partition lines between New York and 
New Jersey" (iV. T. Col. IISS , LXI, 188). 

Since 1680 all the lands north of and along the supposed bound- 
ary from the Hudson to the Delaware had been taken up under New 
York grants. Tappan, althougli then acknowledged to be in East 
Jersey, had been granted to Frederick Philippse in 16S7, about 
thirty-live hundred acres west of it were patented the same year, and 
smaller parcels were taken up rapidly absorbing all the available 
territory, when a ring of landsharks pounced upon the remainder 
of the lands along the line and obtained the Wawayanda and Mini- 
sink patents in 1703 and 1704. The patentees, under these two 
grants covering about one hundred and ten thousand acres, were 
men of prominence and influence in the councils of New York, and 
we shall see how they used their position. 

Had the line, as intended by New Jersey in 1719, been adopted 
asthecorrect partition line between the two Provinces, all the settlers 
under New York patents would have suddenly found themselves 
ti'ansformed into inhabitants of New Jersey. In their memorial 
they asserted that in 1686 the station point on linden's river was 
ascertained to be due west from Philipps' lower mill, and that in 
169-1 "' Coll. Andrew Hamilton, Gov'' of the Jerseys, did own 
the said lattitude of 41° degrees on the Hudson's river to be due 
west from said mills * * * as by a writing under his hand dated the 
13th of February 1693 — 4 * * * may appear at large." This had 
brought lands, granted to some of the memorialists by New Jersey, 
under the jurisdiction of New York. " By the justice and indul- 
gence" of the government of New York they had received new 
patents at easier quitrents than what they were to have paid to the 
proprietors of East «Iersey, and now they very naturally objected to 
a return into the jurisdiction of New Jersey. The Council of New 
York, members of which were closely allied with some of the 
memorialists, lent a willing ear to their petition and reported to the 
President as has been stated. A counter-memorial from the pro- 
pi'ietors to the President and Council of New Jersey, contradicting 
and controverting all the points in Jarratt's petition and the memo- 
rial, had no effect whatever, although we know to-day that it proved 



No 46.] 119 

tlie two station points claimed by Xew Jersey to be correct, and that 
the iine run in 1719 was in accordance Avith the letter if not with the 
spirit of the original patent granted to Berkeley and Carterett in 
1664: {2lemorial of K N. J. Projf i)l State Lih'ary). 

The Council of New York was personally too much interested to 
favor a correction of the line, and New Jersey could, therefore, do 
nothing else than refer the question to the home government. A 
letter from President Morris, of New Jersey, to the Lo]'ds of Trade 
and Plantations, November 21, 1719, tersely describes the situation 
resulting from the failure to execute the work : " The ascertaining 
that Partition Line is Allmost of absolute necessity ; the few people 
that Inhabit nigh some parts where it's suppos'd 'twill run, are con- 
tinnally quarrelling ; they cutt and carry away whole fields of corne 
from Each other, and do all the iniscliief they can. Short of killing 
one another ; and I believ-e it will not be long before they come np 
to that. The only thing they agree in, is not to pay any publique 
taxes, and the measures they take render them as unable as they are 
nuwilling." Commenting on the action of the Council of New York, 
he continues: " Had Brigadier Hunter stayed six weeks Longer, in 
all probability it [the survey of the line] had been finished ; but his 
back was no sooner turned than a Stop was pnt to it for the reasons 
given in the report of a Committee of the Oonncill of New Yorke. 

* * * I have reason to believe that some of the Conncill of that 
Province have taken up large Tracts of Land in Jersie, to the South- 
ward of that line, by Virtue of Grants from New Yorke, which 
Grants were for land in New Yorke, and not in Jersey, and bounded 
by those Grants on the division line, though tooke up by the Gentle- 
men much to the southward of it. None of the Gentlemen of the 
Conncill Appeares to the Petition ; but some of the Petitioners (if I 
am not Yerry much misinformed) derive by mesne conveyances from 
them, or are in partnership Math them, and the persons that Sub- 
scratch their marks are Some Inhabitants of Tappan, brought in to 
make an Appearance. They are using what Endeavours they can to 
get tenants to Settle, and thinke themselves secure enough in the 
possession as long as they can defeat the running of that line ; and 
as things are now circumstanc't, they will be capable of doing it. 

* * ■* I humbly beg your L^p' Directions about it '^ {N. J. Arch., 
IV, 440). If Governor Hunter had returned to the Colonies at the 
expiration of his leave, his private interests as land-owner in New 
Jersey and his sense of justice would have urged the execution of 
the law for determining the line, and he would perhaps have ob- 
tained a new money grant to defray the expenses, but he exchanged 
his governorship with a place in the English Customs, and the 
President and Council of New York were, for obvious reasons, not 
inclined to ask for a new appropriation, wliile it was also question- 
able, whether the Assembly Avould have granted it. 

" The necessity of running them (the Division Lines between 
New Jersie and New Yorke)," says President Morris, in a letter of 
March 31, 1720, to President Schuyler, '"is Visible to all not will- 



120 [Senate 

fullj blind, or wliose frauds and cucroacliinents on Either side have 
made it their interest to oppose ; we are both of ns told by our 
Superiors that his Majestie thinks it necessary to know the limits 
and boundaries of his several American Colonies, and what di- 
rections he has given concerning these under our Care, yon are no 
Stranger to ; 1 shall think it my duty, in obedience to his Majesties 
Commands, and in Compliance with the directions of the Legisla- 
tures in both Provinces, to do Avhat I can, in order to settle and dis- 
cover the limits and boundaries of the Province of Jersie, and hope 
your hon'" will be so fai-r assisting av"' respect to y*^ line w*^'' 
is a limit to both Provinces that his Majesties Commands may be 
put in Execution and an End put to the Quarrells and Strifes which 
almost daily happen between the borderers, w'^'' at Present is a Very 
great hindrance to the Settlement and Improvement of both Prov- 
inces " {N. J. Archives, IV, 446). 

President Schuyler paid so little attention to this reminder that 
he neither communicated the letter to the Council, nor gave an an- 
swer to Colonel Morris, whose second letter, of May, 1720, on the 
same subject, met with no better reception. He had referred the 
whole case to the Lords of Trade shortly after he had received the 
report of the committee on Jarratt's petition, and now preferred, 
waiting for the decision of the home authorities to making himself 
unpopular in the Province by taking the matter up again {N . Y. 
Col. Doc, Y, 531-533). Allan Jarratt had been made Surveyor- 
General of the Province, an appointment evidently not relished or 
approved by the Lords of Trade, for almost by return of mail Presi- 
dent Schuyler was taken to task for it and ordered to" supersede 
Jarratt by the appointment of Dr. Cadwallader Colden to the place 
{N. Y. MSS. Council Min., XII, 54). 

For some months longer the New Jersey people kept stirring in 
the matter and even obtained an order in Council from President 
Schuyler, " that Cadwallader Colden Esq., Surveyor General of this 
Province Do Examine a Quadrant formerly made use of by x\llane 
Jarratt for the Settling the Divisional Lines between New York 
and New Jersey and that he make Report thereon" {Ihidera, XIII, 
62). But the party in New York opposed to the determination of 
the line was too strong; it was in fact so powerful, that it grew 
reckless and careless of its own interests. The actual settlers along 
the border, tenants of the powerful patentees, began to feel tlie 
hardships of the situation and to desire that an end be made 
of the "quarrels and strifes." They offered a petition to the Gen- 
eral Assembly asking leave to bring in a bill " for raising a sum of 
money to be applied for defraying the charge of purchasing, trying and 
transporting from Great Britain into this Province an Instrument 
proper for observing Latitudes, in Order for the fixing of the exact 
Station Points between this Province and the Province of New 
Jersey on Hudson's River and the most Northerly Branch of the 
River Delaware " {Journ. of X. Y. Assy.^ A 457 et seq.). Leave 
was given, the bill was brought in on the 2Sth of June 1721, read 



No. 4G.J 121 

a second time two days later and then consigned to oblivion in the 
hands of an unnamed committee. As it is not found atnono; the 
"bills which failed to become laws," it was probably destroyed on 
committal. Of Colden's report concerning Jarratt's quadrant no 
trace exists, unless it is assumed that his report gave occasion to the 
above petition by condemning the instrument as unfit, but it is also 
possible that Golden, although a thoroughly honorable man, yet 
interested in land in Orange county, may have succumbed to the 
pressure and made no report whatever. 

After ten years' service this, the sixteenth, General Assembly of 
the Province of New York was dissolved on the 10th of August, 
172t), and the newly-elected House began its duties on the 
27th of September, but sat only two months and then was also 
dissolved, because of the death of King George I. As no other 
political reason had required the dissolution, the members of the 
short-lived seventeenth Assembly were re elected to serve in the 
eighteenth ; nine of these members had been members of the six- 
teenth, which had prevented the latest effort to obtain a correct 
boundary line between New York and New Jersey, and had so 
reluctantly consented to the appropriation in 1719. These nine, 
that is one-third of the whole number^ were owners of extensive 
land grants in the Province, and consequently on the side of their 
friends and relations, the patentees of Wawayanda and Minisink, 
whom a correction of the line could injure. Looking now at the 
list of the members elected to the eighteenth Assembly, we find the 
above nine land magnates reinforced by nine others, among them the 
very men owning the land along the Jersey border. We need, there- 
fore, not be surprised that Governor Burnett's recommendation in 
his message of September 30, 1727: " I have lately been informed 
of a disturbance, that happened between the inhabitants of Orange 
county in this Province and Hunterdon county in New Jersey, which 
I know of no expedient to put an end to, but by compleating the 
division line on that side, which will rcc^uire a sufficient provision 
from you" — met with no responsive action on the part of the 
House {Journal of the N. Y Assy^ A. 516). 

That is the last we hear of the New Jersey line in tiie delibera- 
tions of the New Y^ork Council and Assembly for nearly twenty 
years, although during the excitement caused by the Spanish war in 
1740, a report of disturbances in the Minisinks was made to the 
then Lieutenant-Governor Clarke (iV. Y. Col.MSS. Council ILiii.). 

The delay until 1728 on the part of the Crown in approving the 
New Jersey Act of 1719 for running the boundary had a depressing 
effect upon the efforts of New Jersey to obtain what they were justi- 
fied to consider their right. Wronged by their neighbors and snubbed 
by the home government in England, the people of the Province 
and the proprietors did not stir again until their government was 
Once more separated from that of New York and Lewis Morris ap- 
pointed Governor in 1738. ^ 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 16 



122 [Senate 

It has been stated, that the station on Delaware river for the New 
York and New Jersey line was to be also the northern partition 
uoint for the line between East and West Jersey. The proprietors 
of the two sections experienced many inconveniences in the trans- 
action of their land business, and the holders of land under them 
suffered many hardships, because through the failure of establishing 
the station on Delaware river, tlie division line between East and 
West Jersey could not be run. They united now (September, 1741) 
in a petition to Governor Morris : " We * * * have been applyed to 
by some of the inhabitants of this Province, who dwell contiguous 
to the supposed line between this Province and the Province of 
New York, in order to redress many grievances and injurys said to 
be offered them from that neighbouring government ; and having 
made a strict inquiry into the affair, do find upon the best informa- 
tion, we were able to procure, that the people of that government 
have encroached on the lands within thclimittsof this Province, and 
thereby dispossessed many of his Majestys subjects inhabiting thei'ein 
of their unquestionable rights under pretence that the said lands so 
by them possessed & claimed were within the limitts of New 
York government; and also offered divers outrages & insults to 
many of the officers of your Excellency's government in the actual 
discharge of their dutys & commissions within the undoubted bounds 
of this Province, and caused many of them to pay quitrents and 
other taxes for lands certainly within this Province held under the 
proprietors thereof ; and as we imagine that the many inconveniencys 
* * * are principally owing to the division line not being run pur- 
suant to the acts of Assembly * * * made in both Provinces, 

" We most humbly desire YourExcellency's Assistance and Interest 
in the procureing the said line to be run Biitween the said Provinces 
in such manner as to your Excellency shall seem most proper & in 
the meantbne to use your Excellency's influence to put a Stop to all 
Outrages & unjust proceeding by the Government of New York 
against the Inhabitants of this Pj'ovince " (iV. J. Archives, VI, 138). 

The petition came at an inopportune time. Morris had formerly 
been of the Council, and also Chief Justice of the Province of New 
York, from both of which positions he had been driven by Gov- 
ernor Crosby, with the assistance of the faction led by George Clarke. 
Upon Crosby's death, 1730, Clarke, holding a commission as Lieu- 
tenant-Governor, assumed the government, and it was to him that 
Morris was asked to apply according to the proprietor's petition. 
Aware that the personal relations between himself and the Lieuten- 
ant-Governor of New York would be no less an obstacle to an ami- 
cable arrangement, than the fact, that Clarke belon^d to the ring 
of "land eaters" formerly spoken_ of, Governor Morris thought it 
best to defer action until the new Governor, daily expected, should 
have arrived. In June, 1742, the proprietors, tired of waiting, ad- 
dressed Governor Morris again, although New York had as yet no 
new ruler ; but New York parties were bringing suits for ejectment 



No. 46.] 123 

of settlers under New Jersey patents in the courts of Orange County, 
and the proprietors were called upon to defend them as being the 
grantors {JV. J. Archives, VI, various). Their second petition 
had no better result than the first, and exasperated by the delay of 
the authorities, they finally took the matter into their own hands and 
sent out surveyors to run and mark the line between the two sec- 
tions of New Jersey, taking the station point on Delaware rive7\ 
as determined in 1719, as the northern partition jwint. This was, 
of course, no help to the people along the New York and New Jersey 
line, but it showed the determination of New Jersey to defend their 
position to the last. The surveyor's instruction concerning the sta- 
tion jjuint resulted from the advice of James Alexander, still Sur- 
veyor-General of the Jerseys, who in his testimony in the above- 
mentioned ejectment suits stoutly denied the binding force of tiie 
declaration of 1686, because George Keith, one of the Jersey sur- 
vej'ors, had not signed it (iV. J. Arch., VI, 151:). 

In (September, 1743, the new Governor of New York, George 
Clinton, arrived ; his and the neighboring governments were in a 
state of bustle and excitement making preparation for a war against 
the French. A letter from Governor Morris to Clinton, supported 
by a complaint from settlers near Minisink Island under New 
Jersey, found no more than passing attention, although just then 
the local authorities on both sides had come not only into legal, but 
also into physical conflict with each other (^Ibidem, 162). Governor 
Clinton, evidently considering it a purely legal question, referred 
the matter to Chief Justice De Lancey, in whose favor Morris had 
been ousted from the New York bench, and before De Lancey 
Robert Hunter Morris, the son of the Governor, argued the case on 
behalf of New Jersey {Ibidem, 168). The reference to Judge De 
Lancey had been a remarkably unfortunate one, for through his 
father, Stephen, one of the original grantees of the Minisink Patent, 
he had become a party in interest in the very matter, on which he 
was to sit as referee. Arguments were made for and against the 
station points determined in 1686, the declaration of Robertson and 
Wells, and a letter from Governor Hamilton, of New Jersey, to Gov- 
ernor Fletcher, of New York, were adduced as proofs for it, while 
the agent of New Jersey insisted that the tripartite indenture of 
1719, and an original map, made by Allen Jarrate, of the region 
with the line laid down upon it, established the correctness of their 
claims. " The Chief Justice," reports Judge Morris concerning the 
meeting, "levelled all his Ai-guments against the Station point on 
Delaware River [at Cosheghtonk] ; he being there most concerned. 
At last Mr. McE\'ers produced a copy of the Jersey Boundaries ; 
which furnished the Chief Justice with another Argument by which 
he would confine the Jersey proprietors to the forks of Delaware 
and from thence by a Strieght Line to the Latitude of 41° on Hud- 
son's River. After this there was nuich talk to little purpose, when 
they agreed to meet again, and Let the Council of Proprietors know 
their Resolutions" (A. J. Archives, VI, 171). 



^-1 [Senate 

They did not meet again and this was all the satisfaction that 
New York seemed wilhng to give to the people of New Jersey. 

" We are fully satisfied that your Excellency used your best En- 
deavours with the honorable George Clarke, Esq""., Lieut. Gov^ernor 
of New York," says a new memorial of the Proprietors to Governor 
Morris in 1744, " to have our Request [of 1741 and 1742] put in Exe- 
cution, and are sorry that those Endeavours had not the success that 
we had reason to hope for from them * * * * and we are 
fully Satisfied, that your Excellency in the month of October, 1743, 
Sent Coppies of the two Memorials &c. to his Excellency, George 
Clinton, Esq^, Captain-General and Governor of New York, and 
used your Endeavours with him for the Settlement of the said Par- 
tition line ; but Notwithstanding the Several Endeavours aforesaid, 
and other private Endeavours by some of us with the New York 
Proprietors of the Lands adjoining to the Said Line, we are under 
great Concern to say, that we have little hopes left of obtaining the 
Settlement of the said line, otherways than by an Act of the Gen- 
eral Assembly of this Province to be approved of by his Majesty 
for runing the Same Line exparte" {N. J. Archives^ VI, 218). 

Governor Morris does not seem to have acted upon the closing 
prayer of this address, that he would i-ecommend to the Assembly 
the enactment of such a law ; nor does his successor. Belcher, make 
any allusion whatever to the vexing question, in any of his messages. 
Finally the Assembly of New Jersey was induced to take up the 
matter, and passed in 1748 an act "for running and ascertaining the 
Line of Partition and Division betwixt this Provanceof New Jersey 
and the Province of New York." This act provided, that if New 
York would appoint Commissioners, as directed by the act of 1717, 
the New Jersey Commissioners should do the work of surveying 
conjointly with them ; if not, the latter were independently to ascertain 
and- ran the line from the station point on the Delaware, as deter- 
mined by the tripartite indenture of 1719, to the point, which 
they would find to be 41° on the Hudson ; and to be quite sure of 
obtaining all their rights, this point should be on the east-side of the 
river, midway between high and low-water mark, unless his Majesty, 
in approving of the act might perhaps determine this point to be in 
the middle of the vWev {iV. F. Vol. JJSS.,^ LXXV, 35). Due 
information of the passage of this law was given to the Governor 
and the General Assembly of New York and the intention of the 
New Jersey Proprietors, that they would make all possible efforts 
to secure the royal assent, without which it was not to become opera- 
tive, was also communicated to the New York rulers. The Com- 
missioners of New Jersey expressed the hope, that New York would 
raise no objections before the King's Council, as the Legislature of 
New Jersey had been induced to pass the law by "a strong inclina- 
tion they liad to have the boundary Line between the Govern- 
ments reduced to a Certainty, in order to quiet the minds of the 
])eople living nigh the places through which that Lhie will run, and 
to put a Stop to the many disorders and quarrells, that have Subsis- 



No. 4G.] 125 

ted in that part of tlio Country, and wliicli have been Carried to So 
Great a heighth as to Endanger tlie Lives of Several of his Majesties 
Subjects. And what made tlie passing this Law necessary was the 
frequent apphcations, that had been made without Effect to the 
Government of New York, to Join in the Settlement of that Line 
in an amicable manner." 

Governor Clinton took a different view of the case, as he had 
already d(jne on a former occasion. In a letter to the Lords of 
Trade and Plantations of October 7, 1748, he declares himself will- 
ing to carry out the act of 1717, if funds could be obtained to pay 
the expenses ; but " I also found," he continues, " that all the Lands 
along the Line for many Miles within this Province were granted 
away to Private Persons upon trifling Quit-Rents to the owners of 
the land. * * * As it does not appear to me that the Interest of 
the Crown or of this Province in General are any way concerned in 
the Matter, but only the Pattentees of the Lands along tliat Line, I 
shall decline giving your Lordships any trouble in the Affair, leaving 
it to the particular persons concerned to take such steps as they 
shall think proper." {N. Y. Col. Doc. VI, 454.) 

The General Assembly showed at first a disinclination to meddle 
in the matter. The New Jersey act was read in the House on the 
29th of June, and without further debate consideration of it was 
postponed until after the first of September. (J. of Gen. Ass^, B. 
241.) Two days later, on the 1st of July, the Assembly was prorogued, 
and did not meet again for business until the 14th of October. Mean- 
while " a great Number of the Freeholders of the Colony, Proprietors 
of Lands bordering on the Partition Line," had got wind of the action 
of New Jersey through a newspaper article, and, afraid for their inter- 
ests, they had drawn up apetition to the Assembly, stating that in the 
New Jersey law " they do find sundry Things set forth therein for 
Facts and Truths which they conceive to be otherwise," and praying 
for a hearing on the subject-matter of the act. The result was that 
the House instructed the agent of the Colony in England, Robert 
Charles, to oppose the act, when sent over for the royal assent, not 
at the expense of the private owners of land along the line, as had 
been suggested, but with the funds of the Colojiy of New York. 
{/b. 282.) The question was now carried over into England, and 
both Colonies had in a manner bound themselves not to do here any 
thing for the settlement of the question. 

Great bodies are proverbially slow in their movements; five 
years went by with hearing the agents of the two Colonies, with 
referring one point after another from the Lords of Trade and Planta- 
tions to the Lords Justices of England and vice versa, before the 
Lords of Trade came to the conclusion, that they could not " think 
it advisable to recommend it (the New Jersey Act of 1748) to His 
Majesty for his approbation." The attack against the act had been 
masterly led by Charles, the agent for New York. He brought for- 
ward and used, as a telling argument a point, which had so f;ir never 
entered into the discussion of the question. He called attention to 



120 [Sknatk 

tlio \v<uvlini:f t^f tlu> <;-r!Uits fioin Charlos II to his UvotluM", niul from 
tho lattor to Uorkolov ;vml (\irtiM'tMI. Churlt's II hud i;iv(M> to lh«> 
Ihlko *Mho Hudson KiviM- ;»nd ;ill lh«^ hind troin \\\v WosI sith- i\{' 
OontuvtiiMitt Uivoi" to ti\o Ivisi sido o( l\>l!i\v;iio Imiv;" thi> l>uko 
oonvovod l;iud, th.-U " h;ith upon tho Wi'sl l>i'I;i\varo Uav or Kixcr, 
^ '•'* '"* iuu\ to iho N\>rth\\;u'd :is t'artv as v*' NortlitMMnost l>ran<'h 
id'thosnid Ivjv ov Wwovoi' Polawajv." Tho I>nko's ^rant to l>(Mk('lt>y 
an«l Oartoivtt cannot o\t»Mui farthor, ho arg-uod, than tho Kiuy's ji'vant 
totlio nnko.aiidavS tho Jviuii'siifant isiiuiitod l>v a northorn hontuiaiy 
lino, wliioh hoijins at tho hoad of IK'lawaro bay and if oxtondod 
aoivss tlio lluvisou wouUI i^'O to tho hoad o\' (.\»nnoi'tii'nt Rivor, hut lor 
tho words in tho g-rant " tho Hudson's Ivivor v^-C\." tho Hnkoooidd 
ji'i";»ut no lands north of this lino. But adnutlii\ii- ovon, that tho words 
"tho Hndsv>n's Ivivor" tuoant tho wholo torritorv, travorsod by tho 
tribntarios of this rivor on tho wostsido id" it, whioh would oxtomi 
tho grant to within tho oU)sost vicinity of tho roiiion, drained by tho 
OoK'twaiw tiio Duke grtiutod to Horkoloy and (\'irtorett only iho 
lauds '*(fxV/Wr (Wtho niu'thorniost branch i>f tho Oidawaro," sujiposod 
to bo ui\dor 41"^ 40,' but which is in reality iuuKm- 40"" 4(\' where iho 
Loeha anvi the Kishkill come toovther and f()rni the Oelaware ri\ or. 
Xew Jersey haviui;- admitted, that " the Fishkill is the biggest and 
chiefest iStivain that fvirms the River Oelaware," they could not now 
claiui, that it was the Delawaiv itself. Another argmnent. preserved 
anuMig the iwoixls of this 8tate, but tho !uithoi*ship of which has so 
far not been discoveivd, says, that if the line of 1710, resp. the 
st,'»tion paint lixovl by the indentuiv of that date, were mhnitted as 
eonvct, about tive huiidrovl thous;ind ac*res of kuul, j^aying ^piit-rents to 
tho king, would become the property of the New Jersey proprietors, 
fi\>ui whom the King received no quit ivnts. Furthernioiw tho 
Pix>viTice of Xew York had incurroii heavy debts for the ]n\:»secu- 
tlou of the last war, which they now were eiuleavoring to pay otY by 
taxation: should the above tive hundiwi thousand acres be with- 
»lrawn from the taxable ]>roperty, the taxes laid upon the ]>opvdatiou 
of On»ngv i.H>unty, theii nun\bering over tour thousand inhabitants, 
would have to be iv-distribnteil upon the population, diminished by 
the division, and boev>me too burdensome. i^N. T, OoL Doc.y VII, 
:T\i 0>f. J/v^s\, IXX 17/, 100.^ 

Xew York was succv*sful ii\ defeating the Xew Jersey act before 
the King's Council, but as the Loixls of Trade state it, on ditferent 
givunds. The action of the two Provinces, in passing tho laws for 
ascvrtaining the boundary litu"" betwev^i them in 1717 i\3sp. 1710, 
"was never pi\>perlv warrautovl on the part of the Crown" — " the 
Civwn never particiyvitoil in them, nor could be bound with respect 
to its Interests by l*i\>eeeiiings so authorizeth" The station vn the 
Dclaw;\iv claimed to have been determined by the tripartite in- 
dentuiv cvMild, therefore, not be recognized as legiiUy established, 
and the King would bo advised t\ot to approve the New Jersey ex 
parte act. 



No. 40.] 127 

N(iW Jersey dtjfeated, tl)C3 qiujfition arose, "llou- sliall New York 
rca)) tlio ad vantages of lior victory ?" Mr. Cliai'lcB Hiij/;i:o,st('d that 
both I'roviijces should join in ankin^ t})o Kini^ for the apj^oiritrnentof 
a royal w^miainHiori to ascertain tlie division line, for it was the interest 
of all concerned to preserve the puhlic peacje constantly broken under 
jwesent circumstances, to establish the titles toj^rivate property held 
under grants fi'orn either province, and to discover what wej'c still 
crownlands. " Kew Jersey," he says, "will now thijik it their 
interest to Consent to it, tho' every mention of this in private Con- 
versation for several years past lias been Treated with disdain. If 
they refuse it will Enable New York to retort the Charge of Delay 
on New Jersey. ^^ * * It may prevent their attempt to extend 
their Jui-isdiction to the Random Line of 1719, which, if op/x^ed, will 
probably occasion Jiloodshed, or, if not oppoJied, will put a great 
Number of Possessions within their Province,'* the tenants of which 
M'ould probably all be ejected and suffer great losses and hardships, 
(iV. Y. Col. m>S'., LXKVIir, 11.) 

But hardly an y thing was done by the authorities, though they were 
flooded with addresses, memorials and petitions by the j>arties im- 
mediately interested ia the land either as projjrietors of East Jersey 
or as tenants of the Wawayanda, Minisink and Chesscocks patentees 
under New York. A proposition made by New York to New 
Jersey to establish a line of peace and jurisdiction, was at first not 
acted upon by the Council of the latter Province, and then came a 
period in which the condition of affairs in t!ie disputed territory 
may be fitly compared with the time of the Scottish border wars, the 
time 60 dear to romancers. Here, on the Jersey border, the war 
was carried on with as much color of law as possible, and with all 
the pomp and circumstances of county courts, but occasionally it 
was as bloody and injuj-i')us to life and property as the other, 
(7^. various cmd Council Mln., XXIII.) When New Jersey 
finally took up for consideration the proposition of Kew York, 
to establish as a temporary line of peace the line of 1719, a 
great outcry was raised against this line, and the boundary of 1G8C 
was demanded. To this N'ew York refused to consejit, as about 
500,00b a/.'res of land granted north of the latter line were held or still 
open for entry under New York patents. " I wrote to Cov"^ Belcher," 
reports Lieutenant-Governor DeLancey to the lords of trade, 31ay 21, 
1754, " to jjropose a line of peace between the two Provinces, to put 
a stop to the disputes and dis^jrders that arc committed on the 
Borders, in which letter I thought it my duty, as his Majesty's ser- 
vant, to tell him my opiin'on that the forks of Delaware were the 
lie jAus ultra of Jersey on that side. This ]>aragraph lias drawn 
upon mo a pretty extraordinary proposal from the Jersey Proprietors 
[to take tlie line of 1686 as line of peace], delivered to rae Ity Mr, 
Alexander * * * a member of his Ma*-'" Council for tlii.s Pro- 
vince and for the Province of New Jersey, and a coiueiderable pro- 
prietor and a chief Manager in behalf of the Jersey proprietors. I 
leave it to your lyjrd'^^' to c/jnsider how consistent this is, while there 
is this controversy existing between the two Provinces. * * * .1 



128 [Senate 

am very backward to take any steps to protect the freeholders and 
Inhabitants in the quiet enjoyment of tlieir possessions up to the sup 
posed Hue [of 1719J as tlie Council advice. The reason is that lam 
concerned in the Minisink patent and so are ray Brothers and Sisters, 
as Devisees of my Father, Nor shall I take any steps without the 
advice of the Council." {N. F. Col. Doc, F7, "838.) 

The opposition of the New York Council against admitting the 
claims of New Jersey was too decided to extend the hope for a 
temporarv settlement of the line, but in order to restore peace and 
tranquillity in the affected "parts of the two Provinces and to make a 
reo-ular administratiou of justice possible, it became absolutely rieces- 
sary to adopt some measure to decide the case. New York now 
changed places with New Jersey and made the first move, by 
passing in December 1754, a law " for submitting the Controversy 
between the Colonies of New York and New Jei'sey relating to 
the Partition line between the said Colonies to the final Determina- 
tion of his Majesty." {3ISS. Laws, Vol. 14, not paged.) The 
Kino-, however, was not asked to interpret the words of the Duke's 
grant to Berkeley and Carterett, but only to decide, whether the 
line of 1686, or that of 1719, should be deemed the boundary between 
the two colonies. The act also provided, that the New York paten- 
tees, owners of Wawayanda aud Minisink, should not extend their 
claims further sonthward than the supposed line of 16S6. Both 
clauses were deemed objectionable and improper by the Lords of 
Trade and they recommended, that it shonld be disallowed. {JV. Y. 
Col. Doc. Vf, 952.) In order however, that the matter might come 
to a final decision, they instructed Governor Hardy of New York to 
have the General Assembly of the Province pass a law, asking for 
the appointment by the king of a commission for the settlement of 
a line of property and jurisdiction and making provision for the 
payment of one-half of the incidental expenses. {Ih. 950, J. of Gen. 
Ass'^, B. 471.) Governor Hardy connnunicated these instructions 
to the General Assembly in January 1756 and recommended "in 
his Majesty's Name, to make speedy and effectual Provision, for 
defraying one Moiety of the expense of obtaining and executing 
his Majesty's Commission for settling the true Line of Partition be- 
tween this Province and New Jersey * * '* And as * ^^ * it ap- 
pears that the Agent for the Proprietors of New Jersey hath offered 
to give ample Security for defraying the Moiety of such Expence ; 
I earnestly recommend it to you, * " '^ to make immediate Provision 
for defraying the other Moiety thereof." But the French war was 
then being fought and the General Assembly of New York, just 
then constantly called upon to gi-ant money for the support of 
the military was not inclined to act U])on the Governor's recom- 
mendation ; after having been urged many times to do something 
in regard to the boundary line, they represented in February, 1757, 
to the Governor and through him to the Board of Trade, that the 
crown was much more interested in the matter, than the Province 
and " tlie Money arising from the Quit-Rents was a natural Fund to 
discharge the Expence, -whicli may attend that Service ; this we 
humbly hope, will meet with their Lordships Approbation, as that 



No. 40. 1 ' 129 

very Fund is so deeply in the Issue of those Controversies." (./. of 
Gen. Ass"., 13. 52i.) Tlie Assembly cannot have been in earnest, 
when making this suggestion, and must be supposed to have regis- 
tered in this rather ironical manner its protest against the use of the 
sums collected as land tax for the crown ; for the yearly revenue 
derived tlirough the quit^rents in the whole Province, amounting 
to from £600 to £800* current money, was hardly sufficient to pay 
the salary of the officers charged with its collection. Governor Hardy 
ignored the insinuation and told the Assembly that " tlie final Settle- 
ment of the Limits in Dispute now properly rests with you, a8 the 
Expence attending such Settlements hath always been borne and de- 
frayed by tlie Provinces interested therein." 

A suggestion had been made in the Assembly during the debate 
on the question that the owners of the land along the line in dis- 
pute should defray tlie charges of settling it, as being alone inter- 
ested. This called forth a long and loud protest from the proprie- 
tors of the Minisink and Wawayanda patents and their neighbors. 
For years they had been obliged to fight against the proprietors of 
East Jersey, backed by the provincial government, and had so far 
exhausted their means that they had been obliged to ask for the 
passage of a law, enabling them to raise money for their defense 
against New Jersey by the sale of lands within tlieir patents as 
yet milocated. [Bills lohich failed to Tjeconie laios 1723-1756.) 
They claimed to be almost ruined, and they " humbly conceive it 
would be adding too much to the Weight of their Misfortunes, to 
subject them to the Expences to accrue on the Part of this Colony, 
in the final Settlement of the Controversy (which principally con- 
cerns the Crown and this Community) beyond the amount of their 
Proportion of a general Tax or Contribution for that Purpose." {J. 
of Gen. Ass\ B. 525, and Coun. Min., XXV, 464.) 

A week later, on the 26th of February, the Legislature was ad- 
journed, and from that date until the beginning of December of the 
same year sat only for a few days in September, in order to receive the 
information, that Sir Charles Hardy had, upon his own request, been 
relieved from the government of New York and allowed to return to 
his profession, the navy, as rear admiral. James De Lancey still held 
his commission as Lieutenant-Governor and once more assumed the 
administration. We have already learned what his position in the 
case was" aud cannot, therefore, expect that any thing should be 
done during his administration. His death in August, 1760, placed 
the government into the hands of President, later Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor, Coldon, wlio does not seem to have inspired into the land- 
owners along the line sufficient confidence, that he would help them. 
for they waited until Governor Monckton had arrived, to present a 
petition (December 2, 1762), asking him to recommend the passage 
of a law for submitting the controversv and its determination to the 
King (.V. T. Col. JLSS., XCl, 108). In a memorial presented at the 
same time to the General Assembly they offered to bear the excess in 

* £1 Curr. money = $1.15.0 Proclamation inoney=£0.10.0 Sterling. 

[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 17 



130 [Senate 

case the expenses of running the line should exceed £1,500, Two days 
later, on the 11th of December, 1762, the act '"for submitting the 
Property of the Lands whicli are held or claimed by Grants under the 
Great Seal of this Colony and are affected by the Controversy about 
the Boundary or Partition line between this Colony and the Colony 
of New Jersey to such a Method of Decision, as his most Gracious 
Majesty shall think proper, by his Royal Commission or otherwise, 
to appoint and for defraying the Expense to accrue on the Part of 
the Colony on the final Settlement of the said Line." {JV. Y. Lwws, 
Van Schaick''s Ed. p. 421.) New Jersey soon followed the good 
example of New York, pressed by the proviso in the New York 
act, limiting its operations to one year from tlie date of its passage, 
unless the Governor had been duly notified of tlie passage by New 
Jersey of a like law. On the 8th of June, 1763, Governor Monck- 
ton laid before his Council a copy of the New Jersey act, passed on 
the 3d of June, " for submitting the Property of Lands, which are 
held or claimed by any of his Majestys Subjects as lying within this 
Colony and are affected by the Controversy about the Boundary or 
Partition Line between this Colony and the Colony of New York, 
to such a Method of Decision as His most gracious Majesty shall 
think proper by his Yoyd\ Commission or otherwise to appoint." 
{N. T. Council Ilin., XXV, ^^\:) 

The law made also provision for paying the expenses. It met 
however with the King's disapproval, given in this case quicker than 
usual, for on the 23d of February, 1764, New Jersey already could 
enact another law with the same title, which like the New York act 
was allowed by the King. {N. J. Laios, Allinson^s Ed. p. 263.) 
Three and one-half years elapsed before the commissioners asked 
for the arbitration of the boundary question between the two 
Colonies were appointed by the Crown (October 7, 1767). 
Thirteen gentlemen of prominent position in the other Colonies, 
among them " Benjamin Francklin Esquire of the Province of 
Pennsylvania " were named as Commissioners, five of them to 
constitute a quorum. At tlieir first meeting, to be held in the city 
of New York, they were to organize by the election of clerks and 
surveyors. Should one or the other Colony fail to deliver to the 
Commission at their first or second meeting "a plain and full 
State in writing signed by too or more of the Agents named (by 
them) of the Demand or pretensions of the Colonies respectively 
describing where and in what place the Boundaries in Question do 
begin or terminate," then the Commission was to proceed ex parte. 
If either or both parties should think themselves aggrieved by the 
final determination of the Commission, they might appeal to the 
King in Council, "with a Declaration what parts of the Determina- 
tion made by the Commission they respectively abide by or Appeal 
from." The appeal was to be entered and submitted to the Com- 
mission at their last meeting. {N. Y. MSS. Commission, IV, 173.) 

Now, we might suppose every obstacle to a final settlement of the 
question was removed and the Commission might begin its work, 
as soon as they chose. But not so. Doubts had arisen, whether 



No. 4().J 131 

the New York act of December, 17()2, luxd not expired by its own limi- 
tation, and in order to remove any possible objection to the legahty 
of tlie action to be faken by the managers, ap])ointod by it for New 
York, a new law was considered '• to remove Doubts and Scruples, 
concerning an Act entitled An Act for submitting," etc., as above. 
On the Ititliof Jannary, 1708, the Assembly of New York " ordered 
that a bill be brought in to revive an act, entitled " etc., and Mr. 
Bayard, one of the managers, with Major Lispenard, were directed 
to prepare and bring it in. it passed the House on the 27th of 
the same month and was published as a law of the Province on the 
6th of February following, having passed the Council and received 
the Governor's assent o?i the same day {JV. Y. Laws, Van S. ed. 512). 
With remarkable expediency the royal assent was obtained, mak- 
ing the law operative, and on the 13th of Jul}', 1768, the managers 
of the controversy on the New York side could already ask for £500 
due them for work done. But they were not prepared to lay their 
statement of the matter before the Commissioners nntil July 18, 
1769. Their arguments for the station point on the Delaware, as 
determined in 1086, were only a repetition of the points made by 
Kobert Charles in his efforts to '' beat" the New Jersey ex parte 
act {N. Y. Col. MSS. XOV, 120, a?id Vol. Ill, N, Y. and N. J. 
Boundarij Papers in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Lihr^). The arguments of 
the New Jersey managers were likewise those used on former occa- 
sions, wdien they contended that the point found in 1719 to be 41" 40' 
on the Delaware should be taken as the northern partition point. 
{Brief of Claim of N. J. MSS.) On the 7th of October, 1769, 
four of the commissioners, six of them being present, gave their 
decision. "We; find," they say, " among the Exhibits a certain 
Map compiled by Nicholas John Vischer * * - which we 
have Reason to believe was Esteemed the most Correct Map of 
that Country at the time of the said Grant [to Berkeh'^ and 
Carterett], on which Map is laid down a Fork or Branching of 
the River then Called Zuydt River or South River now Delaware 
River in the Latitude of 41 degr. and 40 min. which Branch 
we cannot doubt was the Branch in the Deed from the Duke 
of York called the Northermost Branch of the said River 
* * * We are of opinion that the said Bi-anch so laid down on the 
said Map is the Eork or Branch formed by the Junction of the 
Stream or Water Called the Mahackamack with the River Called 
Delaware or Fishkill and that the same is the Branch Intended and 
referred to in the beforementioned Deed from the Duke of York 
as the Northern Station on the Delaware River, which Fork or 
Branch we find by an Observation taken b}' the Surveyors to be in 
the Latitude of 41 degr. 21 min. and 37 seconds." 

" We are further of opinion that the Northern Station at Hudson's 
River being by the Word of the said Deed from the Duke of 
Y'ork Expressly Limited to the Latitude of 41 deg. should be 
fixed in that Latitude, * * * which falls at a Rock on the 
Westside of Hudson's River, marked by the said Surveyors, being 
79 Chains and 27 Links to the Southward on a Meridian from 
Sneydon's House, formerly Corbets." {N. T. and J^. J. Bound^ 
Papers as ahove.) 



132 [Senate 

Two of the Commissioners, Samuel Holland, Surveyor- General of 
lands for the northern district of America and Charles Morris, Sur- 
veyor of lands and member of thfe Provincial Council of Nova 
Scotia, dissented from their colleagues in that ]wrt of the determina- 
tion, which fixed the point on Hudson's river. They contended, that 
if Vischei-'s map was to be taken as the guide for determining the 
station on the Delaware, it should also be taken into consideration 
for the point on the Hudson. According to Vischer's map 40° N. 
L. was the upper part of Manhattan Island. " H" the Country there- 
fore was vacant, we should not Hesitate in Declaring that the Lati- 
tude of forty-one as laid down in the ancient Maps would in Equity 
be the Station on Hudson's River, and more Especially because We 
have had abundant Experience in our own Departments to Observe 
that the Ancient Geographers find their Latitudes in these parts of 
the Continent Several Miles more Southerly than are found to be 
by more modern observations. In Tenderness therefore to the New 
Jersey Settlers We are Inclined to a jnore Northern Station and in 
settling the place where. Consider that before the Contested Ter-, 
ritory was planted, a Place Due West of Frederick Philipp's Mills 
gained the Reputation as the Station Point upon Hudson's River audi 
a Line from this Station * * * will be the Least detrimental to the 
Settlers, and one more Northerly will comprehend many Farms in a 
populous Neighborhood held under New York by ancient Patents." 
As they were in the minority their opinion had no furtlier effect, 
except to show us to-day, that these two were more consistent than 
their fellow-members in insisting, that the same principles should be 
applied to both ends of the line. [Ih.) 

The surveyor, employed by the Commissioners, was Bernard 
Ratzer, lieutenant of the sixtieth regiment (Royal Americans), who 
made by order of and for the Commission a map, of which a re- 
duced copy is herewith given. He made a copy of the original, add- 
ing the various lines, which had at one time or tlie other been 
spoken of as the division line; this copy found its Avay into the 
hands of C. Ebeli ng, the historian, and thence into the Library 
of Harvard College ;^from it the reduced copy given herewith 
Avas obtained through the kindness and liberality of Mr. JustinWin- 
sor, the Librarian of Harvard.' Lieut. Ratzer received for his labors 
£70 N. Y. money ($175.00) from the New York managers or one-half, 
the map cost therefore $350.00. The surveyors, employed by New 
York, were Henry Wisner and Captain Samuel J. Holland, who had 
the reputation of being able mathematicians, well versed in astronomy; 
a glance at a correct modern map will show that their observations had 
led them almost to the right place, for they had made a mistake of 
only twelve seconds or one fifth of a mile too far to the north. 

Neitlier side was satisfied with this remarkable decision ; Ncm^ 
York considered the point on Delaware river too far north and 
New Jersey wanted both terminal stations farther north. The 
agents for each Colony set to work preparing their appeals, upon 
which, in their opinion, not the (/ommission, but the King in Council 
was to decide, but which the Commission was to receive for trans- 



Ko. 46.] 133 

mission to the home antliorities, " All the agents on the jiart of 
this Colony (New York)," states a memorial of John Morin Scot, 
one of the New York managers, " conceiving the said settlement 
highly injnrious as well to his Majesty's Interest in point of Seignory 
and property, as to the private owners of Lands claiming by Grants 
nnder the Great seal of this Colony, instantly tendered to the said 
Commissioners an appeal in writing nnder their hands to liis Majesty 
in privy Council, which the said Commissioners refused to accept, 
grounding themselves in a Clause in the Connnission which allows 
the space of two months for the parties to appeal, and adjourned 
for that Interval to meet at Hartford in the Colony of Connecticut, 
there to receive the appeals of tlie parties and to make up their 
Commission and proceedings for Transmission to his Majesty in 
privy Council'' {If. T. Col. MS,% XCVI, 150). On the day 
appointed for the meeting of the Commissioners at Hartford, the 
8th of Dember, 1769, only two of them were present — Andrew 
Oliver, secretary of the Colony of Massachusetts, and Charles Morris. 
Waiting until the 11th they were joined by Andrew Elliot, Receiver- 
General of the royal Quitrents in the Province of New York, and 
Jared Ingersoll of Connecticut. The agents of both contending 
parties tendered their appeals, " but the said Commissioners," con- 
tinues Scott, "tho' they received the said Appeals refused to have 
them entered in their jjroceedings because they could not constitute 
a Quorum, ordered them to be lodged with their Clerk,* transmitted 
an account of the defect of a Quorum to the Earl of Hillsborough, 
one of his Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, praying his 
Majesty's directions for their future conduct, and. adjourned to meet 
at New York on the fourth day of July following." 

William Bayard, one of the managers for New York, who had 
gone to England, and Robert Charles, the colonial agent in London, 
were then instructed to petition the king for an order in Council, 
that so many of the Commissioners, as should appear at the next 
meeting, were to receive the aopeals and transmit them and the pro- 
ceedings of the Commission, even though the number required for 
a quorum were not present. They were successful, and on the 27tli 
of April, 1770, obtained an order "that the Commissioners who 
shall be present at the next meeting or the Major part of them shall 
have the same power of Receiving appeals, and of attesting Copies 
of the proceedings, and of Returning the said Commission to his 
Majesty in Council, as is by the said Commission given to any five 
or more of the said Commissioners, and that the appeals then do be 
made and the Copies of the proceedings so attested, and the Com- 
mission so returned, shall be as valid to all Intents and purposes, as 
they respectively would liave been, in Case the appeals had been 
entered with, and the proceedings had been attested and the return 
of the Commission signed by five of the Commissioners " {N. Y. 
Col. MSS., XCVI, 75). 

* Jolin Jay, later Governor of the State of New York. 



134 [Senate 

Before this decision could have reached America,* a petition h}^ 
two of the New York managers, John De No^'elles and Wm. Wick- 
ham, and the advice of the Council, given to the Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor of New York concerning this petition, had changed the aspect 
of the case. Tlie agents for New Jersey had shown a disposition to 
settle the controversy in an amicable niaimei-, without prosecuting 
their appeal. Probably tired of granting still further sums for 
this already expensive contest, the Assembly of New York ap- 
proved of such a method, and directed the agents of the Colony 
to consult with the agents of New Jersey "on the most salutary 
Measures to be pursued for the settlement of that Line." The 
plan was agreed upon and about to be executed, wlien informa- 
tion " that some of the Inhabitants of Orange County intended to 
prevent the Surveys from being made " called fortli the request of 
De Noyelles and Wickham for assistance, and resulted in Governor 
Colden's commission to them of the 16th of May, 1770, issued con- 
trary to the Attorney-General's advice, by which they were author- 
ized "in Conjunction w^ith all or any two of tliem, the said James 
Parker, John Stevenson and Walter Rutherford, on the Part of 
New Jersey, to cause such Surveys to be made and performed as 
they shall Judge necessary in order to carry into Execution the 
Plan * * agreed upon for the final Settlement of the Division 
Line between the Colony of New York and the Colony of New 
Jerse}' ; hereby strictly requiring and commanding all Magistrates, 
Justices of the Peace, &c., &c., to be diligent in suppressing of all 
Tumults on the Occasion, and by all lawful ways and means to be 
aiding and assisting in the Premises to the Persons so authorized to 
make such Surveys as aforesaid " {JV. Y. Col. MSS., XG Yl, 87). 

Armed with this commission the New York agents with their 
surveyor, James Clinton,'!' met the New Jersey party at Orangetown, 
now in Rockland county, on the 22d of May, 1770. The opposition 
of the people of the region to the survey was, however, so violent 
that " apprehensive they might be obstructed if they begun on 
Hudson's river," tliey decided to begin on the Delaware, " hoping 
the people 0])posing would be better informed on their return " 
{Mimdes of the Proprietors of East Jersey^ B. 91). They started 
from the western end of the line on a course S. 53^ 15' E. on the 25th 
.of May and reached Saddle river on the 7th of June, where they 
iound the people not yet better inform.ed," for a mob of aljout fifty 
men again threatened violence if the survey Avas continued in their 
•district. Crossing now the Hudson they finished the traverse from 
the station point there to Philipps mills, intending to go over as 
much of the line run by Clinton and Anthony Dennis, the New 
Jersey surveyor, from the mills to Minisink Island during the pre- 
ceding summer. But 07i reaching Orangetown again on the 14th, 
"Mr. Wm. Bayard met them and the inhabitants at last agreed that 

* It was actually received Auo^ust 21,1772, when its application was of no 
further use. See N. Y. Col. MSH., CoimoU Minutes, XXVI, 315. 

f Brother of Gov. Geo. Clinton of the State of New York and later Brig. General 
lin the Continental Army. 



No. 46.] 135 

the line should be run " * * " Accordingly on the 20th they set off 
from the said rock [on the Hudson] on a course N. 54° 35' W. and 
continued running the same to the day of July, when they 

finished at Mahackjimack and fell four chains and fifty links south- 
wards of the Station, and as a mark is set up at every mile, offsets 
can be easily made to the true line.'' 

We have last seen four of tlie royal commissioners meeting at 
Hartford on the 11th of December, 1769, when for want of a quorum 
they refused to act upon the appeals, submitted an account to the 
Earl of Hillsboi'ough and despairing of obtaining a quorum at that 
season of the year, adjourned to meet at New York on the 4th of 
July, 1770. When that day came, the agents of the two Colonies 
had already carried out their plan to settle the matter amicably, and 
nothing further was heard of an appeal from the determina- 
tion of the Commission, because now it was almost a fait accoinpli. 
Andrew Elliot, the only one of the Commissioners who appeared on 
the 4th of July, made a memoi-andum that a meeting would be 
called " on the first Tuesday in May next," but this memorandum 
was destined to be the last entry in the minutes of the Commis- 
sioners as it is closely followed bj^ a certificate to that effect, made 
by John Jay, the clerk of the Commission, on the 6th of February, 
1773. These minutes are in the library of the New York Historical 
Society whose librarian, Mr. W. Kelby, has kindly furnished the 
desired data. 

Before the agents could ask for a legalisation of their proceedings by 
the Assemblies of their respective Colonies, they had to insert " in the 
newspapers, and set up in the most public places on the line in the 
resp. Counties" an advertisement of the intended application to the 
Legislature for obtaining an act to confirm their agreement. This 
done and proved to the Legislature of New York, the latter enacted, 
on the 16th of February, 1771, the "Act for establishing the Boun- 
dary or Partition Line between the Colonies of New Y'^ork and 
Nova CiBsarea, or New Jersey, and for confirming Titles and Pos- 
sessions." {N. Y. Lavjs, as ahove^ 602.) New Jersey followed the 
good example set by her sister Colony, in September [26th], 1772, 
and passed a law of the same title, and, in its general points, of the 
same tenor. {N. J. Laius, Allinsovb s Ed. 368.) The line desig- 
nated by the Royal Commission in 1769 was adopted as the line of 
jurisdiction between the two Provinces, and the rights of the land- 
owners on either side of the line were confirmed to them irrespectively 
of their derivation from New York, or from the proprietors of East 
New Jersey. It was " conceived just and equitable that the present 
Possessors of the said Lands * * * ^\\o have not only pur- 
chased the same for a valuable Consideration, but many of them 
have laid out all their Substance in the Improvement thereof, should 
be secured in the Enjoyment of the Fruits of their Labour and In- 
dustry " (iV. F. Laws, 1691-1773 [ Van Schaaeh's ed.\ 607.) 

Both acts received the royal assent on the 1st of September, 1773. 
It reached New Y^'ork on the 1st of November following too late for 
the still remaining work of marking the line. Why the surveyors 



136 [Senate 

did not start until the 20th of October of the following year, is not 
told in our records. James Clinton, familiar with the survey from 
his preliminary work, acted again for New York and left us the 
interesting notes which are given in Appendix No. 4. With his and 
his New Jersey associate's certiticate, dated November 26, 1774, and 
the N. Y. Commissioner's report ends, after one hundred and ten 
years from the date of the Duke's grant, the quarrel between the two 
Colonies concerning the line dividing them. 

Clinton and Dennis, the New Jersey surveyor, certified that they 
had run the line with the utmost care ; that in several parts they 
found the needle influenced by local attractions, and that they cor- 
rected these deviations by staking from the station rock marked on 
the west side of the Hndson, While the Commissioners reported, 
that they liad marked trees on the line and erected forty-eight stone 
monuments at one mile distance from each other, numbered from 
the Hudson to the Delaware. Both, report and attached certiti- 
cate, were read in Council March 22, 1775, and a proclamation, not 
in existence now, probably issued, stating the facts and directing 
that this line should be held to be the line of jurisdiction of the 
Colony of New York in that region. 

It has been so recognized since that day, and it has been supposed 
to be a straight line or the arc of a great circle. But during the 
progress of a geological survey of the State of New Jersey, the State 
Geologist, Dr. G. H. Cook, discovered in 1874, not only that a num- 
ber of the monuments marking the line were destroyed or displaced, 
but also that the line was not straight but rather a magnetic rhumb 
line with its curvature southward of a straight line and also of a true 
rhumb line, an error which gave the State of New York an area of 
six to eight square miles more than the Commission of 1769 had in- 
tended. This discovery having been communicated through the 
proper channels to Governor Tilden of the State of New York, he 
in turn laid the whole matter before the Legislature, January 18, 
1875, and asked their attention to the subject {8en. Doc, 1875, 
No. 17). On the 26th of May following an " Act in regard to the 
boundary monuments of the State {^Chap. 424 of the Laws o/1875] 
was passed, authorizing the Regents of the Univerity to " resume 
tiie work of ' examination as to the true location of the monuments 
which mark the several boundaries of the State' as authorized by 
the resolution of the Senate of April 19, 1867, and in connection 
with the authorities of * * * New Jersey, to replace any 
monuments which have become displaced or been removed on the 
boundary lines." The sum of $3,000 was appropriated to cover the 
expenses {Ass. Doc, 1876, No. 62). A committee of the Regents, 
appointed out of their number, entered into correspondence with 
the Governor of New Jersey, but the Legislature of that State not 
being in session at that season — August, 1875 — he could take no 
action until the next winter when, at his recommendation, the 
Legislature of New Jersey enacted, on the 13th of April, 1876, a 
law " appointing Commisioners to locate the northern boundary be- 



No. 46.] 137 

tn'-jen the IStatos of New York and New Jersey, and to erect momi- 
ments fherein" {Laws of N. ^.,1876, Chap. CVl). The dh-ection, 
contained in this act, that the Commissioners, to be appointed under 
it, should, " with tlie New York Commission, negotiate and agree 
upon tlie true location of the boundary line * * * as defined in tlie 
act of September 20, \1~'2,andahoto replace any monuments, etc.," 
barred the committee of the Regents, authorized only to replace 
destroyed or removed monuments, from immediate action. A letter 
from the committee to Gov. Bedle of New Jersey, dated October 
7, 1870, calling his attention to this fact, was not ansAvered, and in 
their report to the Legislatui-e of 1878, the Kegents commented on 
this omission as follows : " The Board infer that the authorities of 
New Jersey decline to act on the proposal made in tliis letter, 'to 
replace monuments on the long established line between the two 
States.' The Regents regard their power as limited to this object." 
{Assemh. Doc, 1878, No. 49.) 

As the law of 1875 directed the Regents to do a similar work of 
replacing the monuments on the line between New York and Penn- 
sylvania, they accomplished this before again turning their attention 
to the New Jersey line. A new law relating to the settlement of 
the boundary line between the State of New i ork and the States of 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey having been enacted on the 20th of 
May, 1880, communication was again opened with the Governor of 
New Jersey, who thereupon could sign on the 25th of Marcli, 1881, 
an act of the New Jersey IjCgislature, supplementing chapter 106 of 
l^nio {Laws of N. r.," 1 880, c%i. 340). The conditions of this 
New Jersey law were such, that the committee of the Regents could 
agree to ascertain and determine witli the New Jersey Commissioners 
the location of the boundary line. The work to be done by this 
committee of the Regents is now accomplished, reports of the 
progress having been anlnially made to the Legislature, which may 
be found in the legislative documents {Senate Doc, 1882, No. 20, 
Assembly Doc, 1883, No. 161). 
[Sen. Doc. No. 46.] 18 



City of New York : 

Be it known to all Men, to whom these Presents shall come or concern, That 
on this Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One 
Thousand Seven Hundred and Sixty-nine, before me, James Emott, Esq., 
Notary Public and Tabellion by lawful authority, admitted and svvorn, residing 
in the City of New York, in the Province of New York in America, personally 
appeared Bernard Ratzer of the said City, gentleman, a person to me well 
known, and worthy of good faith and credit, and being dulj' sworn did declare 
that this Map is a true copy of the original Map made by him for and by order 
of the Commissioners appointed by His Majesty, for settling the Boundary or 
Partition Line between New York and New Jersey, except that the following 
additions have been made on this copy at the request of some of the Agents 
of New York, to wit: The description of the Line claimed, by New Jersey, 
according to the pretended settlement of 1719; a Line proposed by Captain 
Holland and Mr. Morris, two of the Commissioners ; the description of the 
Line according to the Stations of 168G; a Line from Latitude 41° in Hudson's 
River, according to the course in Vischer's Map, to the northermost branch of 
Delaware; a Line from Latitude 41°, according to Vischer's Map, to the fork 
of East Town ; a Line from the head of Delaware Bay, upon the course in 
Vischer's Map, to the head of Connecticut River, and the Division Line 
between East and West Jersey, as in this Map described ; and except, also, 
the several descriptions of the said Lines; and except, also, the words Crown 
Lands, and the respective quantities thereof in figures, which are written in 
three places on this map ; and the Deponent further saith, that the said map, 
of which this is a copy, and also this copy, were truly made by him, according 
to the best of the deponent's skill and abilities. 

In Testimony whereof, I, the said Notary, have subscribed these Presents, 
and caused my Notarial Seal to be hereunto affixed the day and year 
first above written. 

[Seal] BERNARD RATZER. 

James Emott, Notafif Public. 



LEJL'08 



